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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of technology transfer >Determinants and public policy implications of academic-industry knowledge transfer in life sciences: a review and a conceptual framework
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Determinants and public policy implications of academic-industry knowledge transfer in life sciences: a review and a conceptual framework

机译：生命科学领域学术产业知识转移的决定因素和公共政策含义：回顾和概念框架

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There is a considerable interest of scholars in benefits and challenges arising from involvement of academic researchers and their institutions in knowledge transfer activities with the business sector. The emerging questions have resulted in a number of studies, yielding rich but mixed findings. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review this body of investigative work, with a particular emphasis on life sciences. Based on the systematic analysis and synthesis of 135 articles published between 1980 and 2014, we discuss the most interesting findings for each of the six identified principal academic-industry research topics: involvement predictors and motivators, role of incentives, institutional performance determinants, knowledge transfer institutionalization, relationship with scientific output and impact on open science. Whereas many studies reach consensus regarding the particular personal and contextual predictors of researchers' knowledge transfer involvement, we also find substantial evidence that depending on empirical setting, variables such as scientific productivity and institutional technology transfer support policies can act both as enablers and inhibitors in the process. We find no straightforward evidence regarding the role of the size, age and structure of technology transfer offices in the knowledge transfer performance of academic institutions. We also show that most studies agree that engagement in knowledge transfer activities does not negatively affect the researchers' scientific output. Yet, it is less clear to what extent university-industry interactions can be detrimental for the norms of open science. We draw several policy implications for academic settings and emphasize interesting avenues for further research in this field.
机译：学者对学术研究人员及其机构参与与商业部门的知识转移活动所带来的收益和挑战具有相当大的兴趣。出现的问题导致了许多研究，得出了丰富但复杂的发现。本文的目的是系统地审查这方面的调查工作，并特别强调生命科学。基于1980年至2014年间发表的135篇文章的系统分析和综合，我们讨论了六个已确定的主要学术行业研究主题中每个主题的最有趣的发现：参与预测因素和激励因素，激励作用，制度绩效决定因素，知识转移制度化，与科学产出的关系以及对开放科学的影响。尽管许多研究就研究人员知识转移参与的特定个人和背景预测因素达成了共识，但我们也发现大量证据表明，根据经验设置，诸如科学生产率和机构技术转移支持政策之类的变量既可以作为推动因素，也可以作为抑制因素。处理。我们没有直接证据证明技术转让办公室的规模，年龄和结构在学术机构的知识转让绩效中的作用。我们还表明，大多数研究都认为参与知识转移活动不会对研究人员的科学成果产生负面影响。但是，尚不清楚大学与产业之间的互动在多大程度上对开放科学的规范有害。我们对学术环境提出了一些政策含义，并强调了在该领域进行进一步研究的有趣途径。

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