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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Water Resources Association >Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States, US, as Determined by SPARROW Modeling
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Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States, US, as Determined by SPARROW Modeling

机译：由SPARROW建模确定的磷的来源和向美国加利福尼亚州和邻国的河流的运输

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摘要

The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de-trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small- and intermediate-sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams.
机译：SPARROW（分水岭属性的空间参考回归）模型用于模拟美国加利福尼亚州以及内华达州和俄勒冈州部分地区未经监测的河流段中的年度磷负荷和浓度。使用去趋势流和80个位置的磷浓度数据对模型进行了校准。该模型解释了2002基准年的91％的负荷变化和51％的产量变化。点源，地质背景和耕地是重要来源。用于解释磷从土地到水的传递的变量是降水和土壤黏土含量。在各种规模的河流中，磷的水生损失均显着，在中小型河流中，磷的衰减最大。包括火山岩和页岩在内的地质来源是许多地区浓度和负荷的主要控制手段。一些局部化的地层，例如加利福尼亚南部的蒙特利页岩，是磷的重要来源，可能有助于增加溪流的浓度。许多较大的点源设施位于海洋附近的下游地区，除少数位置外，不影响内陆河流。大面积耕地会导致磷负荷增加，但由于局部水文状况，在某些情况下不一定会使负荷超过地质背景负荷，这限制了磷从土地向河流输送的潜力。

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