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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids >Surface free energy and its effect on the elastic behavior of nano-sized particles, wires and films
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Surface free energy and its effect on the elastic behavior of nano-sized particles, wires and films

机译：表面自由能及其对纳米粒子，金属丝和薄膜的弹性行为的影响

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摘要

Atoms at a free surface experience a different local environment than do atoms in the bulk of a material. As a result, the energy associated with these atoms will, in general, be different from that of the atoms in the bulk. The excess energy associated with surface atoms is called surface free energy. In traditional continuum mechanics, such surface free energy is typically neglected because it is associated with only a few layers of atoms near the surface and the ratio of the volume occupied by the surface atoms and the total volume of material of interest is extremely small. However, for nano-size particles, wires and films, the surface to volume ratio becomes significant, and so does the effect of surface free energy. In this paper, a framework is developed to incorporate the surface free energy into the continuum theory of mechanics. Based on this approach, it is demonstrated that the overall elastic behavior of structural elements (such as particles, wires, films) is size-dependent. Although such size-dependency is negligible for conventional structural elements, it becomes significant when at least one of the dimensions of the element shrinks to nanometers. Numerical examples are given in the paper to illustrate quantitatively the effects of surface free energy on the elastic properties of nano-size particles, wires and films.
机译：与材料主体中的原子相比，自由表面上的原子所经历的局部环境不同。结果，与这些原子相关的能量通常将不同于主体中原子的能量。与表面原子相关的多余能量称为表面自由能。在传统的连续力学中，这种表面自由能通常被忽略，因为它仅与表面附近的几层原子相关，并且表面原子所占的体积与所关注材料的总体积之比非常小。但是，对于纳米尺寸的颗粒，金属丝和薄膜，表面体积比变得很重要，表面自由能的影响也是如此。在本文中，开发了一个框架以将表面自由能纳入力学的连续理论。基于这种方法，证明了结构元件（例如颗粒，金属丝，薄膜）的整体弹性行为取决于尺寸。尽管对于传统的结构元件来说，这种尺寸依赖性可以忽略不计，但是当该元件的至少一个尺寸缩小到纳米时，该尺寸依赖性变得很重要。本文中给出了数值示例，以定量地说明表面自由能对纳米级颗粒，金属丝和薄膜的弹性性能的影响。

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