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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Geochemistry of vapor-dominated hydrothermal vent deposits in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming
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Geochemistry of vapor-dominated hydrothermal vent deposits in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming

机译：黄石湖，怀俄明湖汽油占水热通风矿床的地球化学

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Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal vent systems have been studied using ROV assets to better understand the chemical and mineralogical evolution of the sublacustrine sediments through which the hot spring fluids discharge to the lake floor. Here we focus on the deposits/alteration and coexisting vent fluid chemistry associated with the Deep Hole on the lake floor, east of Stevenson Island. Remote in its location, at 120 m below the lake surface, this region in the northeast portion of Yellowstone Lake is associated with numerous hydrothermal vents and hot springs, providing evidence of high-temperature fluid-mineral interaction and phase separation phenomena. Vapor-dominated hydrothermal fluids issuing from Deep Hole vents attain temperatures in excess of 150 degrees C and are enriched in magmatically derived H2S and CO2. Upon mixing with lake water in the root zone of the hydrothermally active vents, the dissolved gases render the mixed fluid, both acidic and reducing, effectively transforming diatomaceous sediment, with detritally sourced Al and Fe components, to an alteration assemblage dominated by kaolinite, pyrite, and lesser boehmite. These alteration processes have been modeled by computer based simulations, coupling fluid flow and mineral dissolution kinetics, to provide insight on the temporal evolution of the vent system. Results predict rapid dissolution of amorphous silica. The magnitude and rate of silica loss, facilitated by the continuous influx of acidic source fluids, yields an increasingly silica poor alteration mineral sequence with time, characterized by quartz, followed by kaolinite and ultimately boehmite. These data are consistent with the observed decrease in SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of the vent deposits with increasing abundance of trace immobile elements, suggesting significant mass loss with reaction progress. Pyrite is predicted to form from sulfidation of magnetite, with noteworthy decrease in magnetic intensity, as measured for hydrothermally altered sediment in the near-field vent environment. Moreover, hydrogen isotope compositional data for kaolinite, together with delta D vent fluid data, suggest temperatures in keeping with the high temperatures measured for the vent deposits and discharging fluid, while supporting the potential use of kaolinite as a geothermometer. The predicted and observed transformation of silica-rich protolith to kaolinite, boehmite, and pyrite underscores the large scale dissolution and removal of silica, with possible implications for the temporal evolution of vent deposits on the lake floor in the Stevenson Island Deep-Hole region. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：使用ROV资产研究了黄石湖水热通风系统，以更好地了解苏布鲁斯沉积物的化学和矿物学演变，通过该沉积物，通过该沉积物，热弹簧流体排放到湖泊地板上。在这里，我们专注于史蒂文森岛东部与湖泊湖岸深孔相关的存款/改变和共存通风口流体化学。在其位置偏远，在湖面下方120米，黄石湖东北部分的地区与众多水热通风口和温泉有关，提供了高温流体矿物相互作用和相分离现象的证据。从深孔通风口发出的蒸汽计数的水热流体达到超过150℃的温度，并富含磁性衍生H2S和CO 2。在与水热通气通风口的根区域中混合时，溶解气体使混合液，酸性和还原，有效地转化硅藻土沉积物，用诈骗的Al和Fe组分转化为由高岭石，黄铁矿支配的改变组合和较小的勃姆石。这些改变过程已经通过基于计算机的模拟，耦合流体流动和矿物溶解动力学进行了建模，以了解通风系统的时间演变的洞察力。结果预测无定形二氧化硅的快速溶解。通过连续流入酸性源流体的二氧化硅损失的幅度和速率，产生越来越多的二氧化硅差的矿物质序列，其特征在于石英，其次是高岭石，最终勃姆石。这些数据与通风口沉积物的SiO 2 / Al2O3比率的观察到的降低，随着痕量的痕量固定元素的增加，表明具有反应进展的显着质量损失。预计磁铁矿的硫化物形成硫铁矿，磁性强度的值得注意的降低，如近场通风环境中的水热改变的沉积物测量。此外，高岭石的氢同位素组成数据与ΔD排气流体数据相同，提出了保持用于通风沉积物和排出流体的高温的温度，同时支持高岭石作为地热计的潜在使用。预测和观察到的二氧化硅富硅酸盐转化为高岭石，勃姆矿石和黄铁矿，强调二氧化硅的大规模溶解和去除，对史蒂文森岛深孔区域的湖泊地板上的通风沉积物的时间演变产生了可能的影响。由elsevier b.v出版。

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