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Recent Advances in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: From the Choice of Cell Sources to the Use of Bioreactors

机译:软骨组织工程学的最新进展:从细胞来源的选择到生物反应器的使用

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摘要

Grafting engineered cartilage tissues represents a promising approach for the repair of joint injuries. Recent animal experiments have demonstrated that tissues engineered by culturing chondrocytes on 3D scaffolds in bioreactors provide functional templates for orderly repair of large osteo-chondral lesions. To date, however, a reproducible generation of uniform cartilage tissues of predefined size starting from adult human cells has not been achieved. In this paper we review some of the recent advances and challenges ahead in the identification of appropriate (ⅰ) cell sources, (ⅱ) bioactive factors, (ⅲ) 3D scaffolds and (ⅳ) bioreactors for human cartilage tissue engineering. We also present an example of how integrated efforts in these different areas can help addressing fundamental questions and advancing the field of cartilage tissue engineering towards clinical use. The presented experiment demonstrates that human nasal chondrocytes are responsive to dynamic loading and thus could be further investigated as a cell source for implantation in a joint environment.
机译:移植工程化的软骨组织代表了一种修复关节损伤的有前途的方法。最近的动物实验表明,通过在生物反应器中的3D支架上培养软骨细胞而工程改造的组织提供了功能模板,用于有序修复大的骨软骨损伤。然而,迄今为止,尚未实现从成年人类细胞开始可再现地产生预定大小的均匀软骨组织。在本文中,我们回顾了在确定合适的(ⅰ)细胞来源,(ⅱ)生物活性因子,(ⅲ)3D支架和(ⅳ)用于人体软骨组织工程的生物反应器方面的最新进展和挑战。我们还提供了一个示例,说明在这些不同领域中的综合努力如何帮助解决基本问题并推动软骨组织工程领域向临床应用发展。提出的实验证明人鼻软骨细胞对动态负荷有反应,因此可以进一步研究作为植入关节环境中的细胞来源。

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