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Institutional arrangements for managing the great lakes of the world: Results of a workshop on implementing the watershed approach

机译：管理世界大湖的体制安排：关于实施分水岭方法的讲习班的结果

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The conceptual framework for lake management has evolved at an accelerating rate in recent years to include the basic principles of a watershed approach: (i) citizen and stakeholder involvement is important throughout the planning and management process; (ii) the geographic focus for management activities includes the lake and its entire watershed; and (iii) mechanisms need to be in place to promote cooperation among different government jurisdictions and organizations in the watershed. Creating effective institutional arrangements for implementing this watershed approach in lake regions is perhaps the most challenging and important issue facing the world’s lakes. LakeNet organized a workshop at the 8th International Conference on the Conservation and Management of Lakes in May 1999. This article is a synthesis of the results of the workshop and the eight case reports prepared by the workshop participants published in this special issue. Seven major threats to lakes were identified: (i) accelerated eutrophication; (ii) invasive species; (iii) toxic contamination; (iv) overfishing; (v) water diversion, (vi) acidification; and (vii) climate change. Institutions and institutional arrangements for addressing these issues and for implementing a watershed approach are just beginning to emerge on lakes around the world. All of the institutions described in the case reports were established or formalized during the 1980s and 1990s. The legal mechanisms creating these institutions range from cooperative agreements among jurisdictions for purposes of policy and planning to national laws and international treaties with full regulatory powers. The knowledge base, political will and financial resources for these activities were very small in comparison with the complexity of the task at hand.
机译：近年来，湖泊管理的概念框架发展迅速，包括分水岭方法的基本原则：（i）在整个规划和管理过程中，公民和利益相关者的参与很重要； （ii）管理活动的地理重点包括湖泊及其整个流域； （iii）需要建立机制以促进流域中不同政府管辖区和组织之间的合作。建立有效的制度安排以在湖泊地区实施这种分水岭方法可能是世界湖泊面临的最具挑战性和最重要的问题。 LakeNet在1999年5月的第八届国际湖泊保护与管理国际会议上组织了一个研讨会。本文是研讨会结果以及研讨会参与者在本期特刊上发表的八份案例报告的综合报告。确定了对湖泊的七个主要威胁：（i）加速富营养化； （ii）入侵物种； （iii）有毒污染物； （iv）过度捕捞； （v）调水，（vi）酸化； （vii）气候变化。解决这些问题和实施分水岭方法的机构和制度安排刚刚开始在世界各地的湖泊中出现。案例报告中描述的所有机构都是在1980年代和1990年代建立或正式化的。建立这些机构的法律机制从管辖区之间出于政策和规划目的的合作协议到具有完全监管权的国家法律和国际条约不等。与手头任务的复杂性相比，这些活动的知识基础，政治意愿和财政资源很小。

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