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Leadership and the more-important-than-average effect: Overestimation of group goals and the justification of unethical behavior

机译：领导力和比平均水平更重要的作用：高估团队目标和不道德行为的正当性

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This research investigates the empirical assumptions behind the claim that leaders exaggerate the importance of their group's goals more so than non-leaders and that they may use these beliefs to justify deviating from generally accepted moral requirements when doing so is necessary for goal achievement. We tested these biased thought processes across three studies. The results from these three studies established the more-important-than-average effect, both for real and illusory groups. Participants claimed that their group goals are more important than the goals of others, and this effect was stronger for leaders than for non-leading group members. In Study 3, we demonstrated the justification bias and connected this bias to beliefs about the importance of group goals. Participants indicated that they would be more justified than others in engaging in unethical behaviors to attain their group's goals; leaders reported being more justified in such deviations than non-leaders; and the more highly leaders evaluated their group's goals, the greater justification bias they reported.
机译：这项研究调查了以下实证假设，即领导者比非领导者更夸大其团队目标的重要性，并且他们认为这样做对于实现目标必不可少时，他们可以利用这些信念为背离普遍接受的道德要求辩护。我们在三项研究中测试了这些偏见的思维过程。这三项研究的结果表明，无论是对于真实的还是虚幻的群体，其效果都比平均水平更为重要。参与者声称，他们的小组目标比其他目标更重要，对于领导者而言，这种影响要强于对非领导小组成员的影响。在研究3中，我们证明了合理性偏见，并将这种偏见与对小组目标重要性的信念联系起来。参与者表示，他们会比其他人更有理由从事不道德行为以实现其小组目标；领导者报告说，与非领导者相比，在这种偏离中更合理；领导者评估团队目标的程度越高，他们报告的理由偏差就越大。

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