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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea
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Invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters in the northern Wadden Sea

机译：瓦登海北部太平洋牡蛎的入侵轨迹

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摘要

Invasion trajectories of introduced alien species usually begin with a long establishment phase of low abundance, often followed by exponential expansion and subsequent adjustment phases. We review the first 26 years of feral Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas around the island of Sylt in the Wadden Sea (North Sea, NE Atlantic), and reveal causal conditions for the invasion phases. Sea-based oyster farming with repeated introductions made establishment of feral oysters almost inevitable. Beds of mussels Mytilus edulis on mud flats offered firm substrate for attachment and ideal growth conditions around low tide level. C. gigas mapped on to the spatial pattern of mussel beds. During the 1990s, cold summers often hampered recruitment and abundances remained low but oyster longevity secured persistence. Since the 2000s, summers were often warmer and recruitment more regular. Young oysters attached to adult oysters and abundances of > 1000 m(-2) were achieved. However, peak abundance was followed by recruitment failure. The population declined and then was also struck by ice winters causing high mortality. Recovery was fast (> 2000 m(-2)) but then recruitment failed again. We expect adjustment phase will proceed with mean abundance of about 1000 m(-2) but density-dependent (e.g., diseases) and density-independent (e.g., weather anomalies) events causing strong fluctuations. With continued global warming, feral C. gigas at the current invasion fronts in British estuaries and Scandinavian fjords may show similar adjustment trajectories as observed in the northern Wadden Sea, and also other marine introductions may follow the invasion trajectory of Pacific oysters.
机译：引入的外来物种的入侵轨迹通常始于低丰度的长期建立阶段，通常随后是指数扩展和随后的调整阶段。我们回顾了瓦登海（北海，东北大西洋）的叙尔特岛周围的太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas的头26年，并揭示了入侵阶段的因果条件。反复引进海生牡蛎养殖几乎不可避免地要建立野生牡蛎。在泥滩上的贻贝贻贝床为附着物和低潮位附近的理想生长条件提供了牢固的基质。 C. gigas映射到贻贝床的空间格局。在1990年代，寒冷的夏季经常阻碍了招募工作，丰度仍然很低，但牡蛎的长寿却确保了其持久性。自2000年代以来，夏季通常比较温暖，而且招聘更加定期。获得了与成年牡蛎相连的幼牡蛎，其丰度> 1000 m（-2）。但是，高峰高峰后出现招聘失败。人口下降，然后也因冰冬而遭受打击，导致高死亡率。恢复速度很快（> 2000 m（-2）），但随后再次招募失败。我们预计调整阶段将以约1000 m（-2）的平均丰度进行，但密度依赖性（例如疾病）和密度依赖性（例如天气异常）事件会引起强烈的波动。随着全球气候的持续变暖，英国河口和斯堪的纳维亚峡湾当前入侵前沿的野生C. gigas可能显示出与北部瓦登海所观察到的相似的调整轨迹，并且其他海洋生物也可能跟随太平洋牡蛎的入侵轨迹。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2017年第4期|68.1-68.14|共14页
  • 作者

    Reise Karsten; Buschbaum Christian; Buettger Heike; Rick Johannes; Wegner K. Mathias;

  • 作者单位

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Wadden Sea Stn Sylt, Hafenstr 43, D-25992 Bremerhaven, Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Wadden Sea Stn Sylt, Hafenstr 43, D-25992 Bremerhaven, Germany;

    BioConsult SH, Schobuller Str 36, D-25813 Husum, Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Wadden Sea Stn Sylt, Hafenstr 43, D-25992 Bremerhaven, Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Wadden Sea Stn Sylt, Hafenstr 43, D-25992 Bremerhaven, Germany;

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