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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Contrasting diel patterns in vertical movement and locomotor activity of whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef
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Contrasting diel patterns in vertical movement and locomotor activity of whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef

机译：Ningaloo Reef鲸鲨的垂直运动和运动活动中的对比迪尔模式

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Activity patterns of animals often relate to environmental variables such as food availability and pre-dation pressure. Technological advances are providing us with new tools to monitor and better understand these activity patterns. We used animal-attached data loggers recording acceleration and depth to compare activity patterns and vertical habitat use of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Whale sharks showed a moderate reverse diel vertical migration but exhibited a clear crepuscular pattern in locomotory activity. Peak activity occurred at sunset, whereas vertical movement peaked prior to this. Typical ram surface filter feeding could be identified and occurred primarily during sunset and the first hours of night. At such times, direct observations indicated whale sharks were feeding on tropical krill swarms. Kinematic analysis of postural data and data from vertical movement suggests that whale sharks at Ningaloo spend ~8 min per day actively ram surface filter feeding. Considering the high biomass present in krill schools, it is estimated that whale sharks at Ningaloo have a similar energy intake as those at other aggregation sites. Diel patterns in activity and diving behaviour suggest that whale sharks have tuned their diving behaviour in anticipation of the formation of these high-density patches which appear to only be periodically, but predictably available at sunset. Our results confirm that diel patterns in vertical habitat selection and vertical movements do not necessarily reflect patterns in activity and foraging behaviour. Direct quantification of activity and behaviour is required in gaining accurate representation of diel activity patterns.
机译：动物的活动模式通常与环境变量有关，例如食物的可获得性和捕食前的压力。技术的进步为我们提供了监视和更好地了解这些活动模式的新工具。我们使用附有数据的动物记录仪记录了加速度和深度，以比较西澳大利亚州宁格鲁礁的鲸鲨（Rhincodon typus）的活动模式和垂直栖息地使用情况。鲸鲨显示出适度的反向diel垂直迁移，但在运动活动中表现出清晰的裂缝模式。最高活动发生在日落时，而垂直运动在此之前达到峰值。可以确定典型的冲头表面过滤器进料，主要发生在日落和夜晚的头几个小时。在这样的时候，直接观察表明鲸鲨正以热带磷虾群为食。对姿势数据和垂直运动数据的运动学分析表明，Ningaloo的鲸鲨每天要花费约8分钟来主动对表面过滤器进行冲撞。考虑到磷虾学校中存在大量生物质，据估计宁格鲁的鲸鲨具有与其他聚集地类似的能量摄入。活动和潜水行为中的迪尔模式表明，鲸鲨已经预测了这些高密度斑块的形成，从而调整了它们的潜水行为，这些斑块似乎只是周期性出现的，但是在日落时可以预测到。我们的结果证实，垂直栖息地选择和垂直运动中的迪尔模式不一定反映活动和觅食行为中的模式。为了准确地表达diel活动模式，需要对活动和行为进行直接量化。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2013年第11期|2981-2992|共12页
  • 作者

    Adrian C. Gleiss; Serena Wright; Nikolai Liebsch; Rory P. Wilson; Brad Norman;

  • 作者单位

    Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Bioscience.College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park,Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK,Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University,Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA;

    Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Bioscience.College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park,Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science(CEFAS), Lowestoft NR33 OHT, UK;

    Customized Animal Tracking Solutions, 7 Marlua Ave,Moffat Beach, QLD 4551, Australia;

    Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Bioscience.College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park,Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK;

    ECOCEAN Inc, 102/72 Marine Terrace, Fremantle,WA 6160, Australia,Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences,Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;

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