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Metachronal swimming in Antarctic krill: gait kinematics and system design

机译：南极磷虾的变时游泳：步态运动学和系统设计

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摘要

Metachronal swimming, in which adjacent appendages stroke in sequence, is widespread among crustaceans inhabiting the transitional flow realm in which both viscosity and inertia effects are important. However, the design and operation of this propulsion system in response to various hydrodynamic, energetic, and behavioral needs have not been well investigated. We examine free-swimming Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as a model species and identify three distinct behavioral swimming gaits. The ple-opod kinematics of these gaits, hovering, fast-forward swimming, and upside-down swimming, are quantified via image analysis of high-speed video. Pleopod stroke amplitude and frequency were found to vary significantly among these swimming modes. In order to increase swimming speed, krill were found first to increase stroke amplitude and secondarily to increase beat frequency. The kinematics of these distinct swimming modes provide insight as we consider multi-appendage metachronal swimming from a design standpoint. The ratio of the distance between adjacent appendage bases and appendage length is identified as a key parameter in metachrony, the value of which is constrained to a narrow range for a wide variety of species.
机译：异时游泳，其中相邻的肢体依序搏动，在甲壳类动物中很普遍，它生活在过渡流动领域，其中粘度和惯性效应都很重要。但是，该推进系统的设计和运行对各种流体动力，能量和行为需求的响应尚未得到很好的研究。我们将自由游动的南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）作为模型物种，并确定了三种不同的行为游泳步态。这些步态的全脚运动学，如悬停，快进游泳和上下颠倒游泳，是通过对高速视频进行图像分析来量化的。在这些游泳模式中，尺足中风的幅度和频率有显着变化。为了提高游泳速度，发现磷虾首先增加了冲程幅度，其次增加了搏动频率。从设计的角度来看，这些不同的游泳模式的运动学为我们提供了深刻的见解，因为我们考虑了多附件的历时游泳。相邻肢体基部之间的距离与肢体长度的比值被确定为异时性的关键参数，对于各种各样的物种，其值被限制在一个狭窄的范围内。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2011年第11期|p.2541-2554|共14页
  • 作者

    D. W. Murphy; D. R. Webster; S. Kawaguchi; R. King; J. Yen;

  • 作者单位

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, USA;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, USA;

    Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia;

    Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia;

    School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA;

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