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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Symbiotic associations between crustaceans and gelatinous zooplankton in deep and surface waters off California
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Symbiotic associations between crustaceans and gelatinous zooplankton in deep and surface waters off California

机译：加州外深水和地表水中甲壳类动物与胶状浮游动物之间的共生关系

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Using a remotely operated submersible (ROV) in the sea off Monterey, California, we collected deep-living zooplankton and observed their associations with crustacean symbionts. Little is known about the nature of these symbioses. Among the most interesting findings was the description of a previously unknown modality of symbiosis of the deep-living copepod Pseudolubbockia dilatata Sars. It was recorded within the subumbrellar cavity of three specimens of the bathypelagic hydromedusa Aegina citrea Eschscholtz at depths of 606-1,098 m. One of these medusae hosted a mating pair of adult copepods along with the remains of their molts corresponding to co-pepodid stages CⅤ of the female and CⅡ, CⅢ, CⅣ, and CⅤ of the male; another medusa had an adult female, and molts of a female CⅤ and of male CⅢ, CⅣ and CⅤ copepodids. Our data indicate that the medusae were occupied first by an early male co-pepodid, and then the female joined as a CⅤ. The presence of an adult female alone with its CⅤ molt in a third medusa suggests that females invade the host regardless of the presence of the male in it. The medusa represents a protected environment for these copepods during vulnerable stages or processes (molting and mating). We also observed 13 new associations between hyperiid amphipods and gelatinous zooplankton at different depths. These involve four new records among members of the Infraorder Physosomata, for which only six other associations were known, and five species of amphipods and six hosts among the gelatinous zooplankton not previously recorded as symbionts. Data are provided on three families of Hyperiidea for which symbiotic associations were hitherto unknown. The ROV represents a valuable tool for the observation and sampling of these associations, whose existence has been known for a long time, but which are still poorly understood.
机译：我们在加利福尼亚州蒙特雷附近的海中使用遥控潜水器（ROV），收集了深层生活的浮游动物，并观察了它们与甲壳类共生生物的关系。这些共生体的性质知之甚少。在最有趣的发现中，有一种描述了以前不为人知的深生活co足类假单胞菌共生模式的共生模式。它被记录在三层浮游水生水母埃及伊斯利亚菌Eschscholtz的伞下腔内，深度为606-1,098 m。这些水母中的一个寄居着成年mat足的交配对，以及它们的蜕皮的剩余部分，对应于雌性的CⅤ，雄性的CⅡ，CⅢ，CⅣ和CⅤ。另一只美杜莎有成年雌性，蜕皮有雌性CⅤ和雄性CⅢ，CⅣ和CⅤ足纲。我们的数据表明，美杜鹃首先被早期的雄性象足虫占据，然后雌性以CⅤ的身份加入。在第三种美杜莎中，只有一个成年雌性具有其CⅤ蜕皮，这表明雌性会侵入宿主，而与雄性中的存在无关。水母在脆弱的阶段或过程（蜕皮和交配）中为这些represents足类动物提供了受保护的环境。我们还观察到了不同深度的双节肢动物两栖动物和胶状浮游动物之间的13个新关联。这些涉及到在陆生食藻纲成员中的四个新记录，其中只有六个其他协会是已知的，而在以前没有记录为共生体的胶状浮游动物中有五个种类的两栖纲和六个寄主。提供了迄今尚不知道共生联系的三个Hyperiidea家族的数据。 ROV代表了观察和采样这些关联的有价值的工具，这种关联的存在已为人所知很长时间，但至今仍知之甚少。

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