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Pacific herring response to surface predators in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA

机译：美国阿拉斯加威廉王子湾的太平洋捕食者对地面掠食者的反应

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摘要

An in situ method was applied to monitor the responses of adult Pacific herring Clupea pallasi to predators. An autonomous, upward-facing echosounder was deployed on the seabed at 40 m just prior to the peak of the herring spawning season in Port Gravina, Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Monitoring took place over a continuous 4 d period (9-12 April 2016), during which herring and predators (seabirds and Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus) were tracked. Herring speeds varied (mean = 33.1 cm s(-1), range = 0.02-127.1 cm s(-1)) and were significantly lower than predator speeds (mean = 56.3 cm s(-1), range = 13.7-144.6 cm s(-1)). Swim speeds of herring and predators were positively correlated when regressions were lagged to 2.5 min and indicate a link between activity states of prey and predator. Changes in depth of herring were correlated positively with predator depths over a period of up to 5 min, which corresponds with seabird dive durations. This monitoring method can increase our understanding of sub-lethal effects of predators on Pacific herring and provide a direct method to quantify predation intensity on this critical life history stage.
机译：应用一种原位方法来监测成年太平洋鲱青海豌豆对捕食者的反应。在美国阿拉斯加威廉王子湾的格拉维纳港鲱鱼产卵季节高峰之前，在海床40 m处部署了一个自主的，朝上的回声测深仪。监测持续进行了4天（2016年4月9日至12日），在此期间跟踪了鲱鱼和捕食者（海鸟和斯特勒海狮Eumetopias jubatus）。鲱鱼的速度各不相同（平均值= 33.1厘米s（-1），范围= 0.02-127.1厘米s（-1）），远低于捕食者的速度（平均值= 56.3厘米s（-1），范围= 13.7-144.6厘米s（-1））。当回归滞后到2.5分钟时，鲱鱼和掠食者的游泳速度呈正相关，表明猎物和掠食者的活动状态之间存在联系。鲱鱼深度的变化与长达5分钟的捕食者深度呈正相关，这与海鸟的潜水时间相对应。这种监测方法可以增进我们对捕食者对太平洋鲱鱼的亚致死作用的了解，并提供一种直接方法来量化在这一关键生活史阶段的捕食强度。

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