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Alien biodiversity in Mediterranean marine caves

机译：地中海海洋洞穴中的外来生物多样性

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摘要

The number of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is increasing rapidly, but few attempts have been made to evaluate impacts on specific habitat types. The present study investigated alien biodiversity in Mediterranean marine caves, both by contributing new records of Eastern Mediterranean cave aliens, and by reviewing the scattered existing literature; the main goals were to highlight potential impacts and investigate the importance of cave environments for the expansion of alien species. Seven new alien species were found in marine caves of the Aegean and Ionian seas, raising the total number of aliens reported from Mediterranean marine caves to 56 species, classified as molluscs, cnidarians, bryozoans, polychaetes, crustaceans, macroalgae, fishes and tunicates. Most cave aliens (66%) were recorded from the Southeastern Levantine coasts, specifically from Lebanese caves. Shipping and Lessepsian migration have been suggested as the main pathways of alien introduction into caves of the Mediterranean Sea. The comparison of alien cave biodiversity with the updated Mediterranean alien inventory (32 species added to the latest inventory) showed similar patterns and trends for species richness, biogeographical origin and major introduction pathways, corroborating previous findings on the high local representativeness of Mediterranean cave biodiversity. Alien species seem to have invaded mostly the entrance and semi-dark zones of shallow and/or semi-submerged caves and tunnels, whereas only a few have reached the dark inner sectors or caves of the anchialine type; thus, the unfavourable cave environment seems to be naturally protected from impacts related to opportunistic invasive species, at least to a certain point. Currently there is no research confirming any direct impacts of alien biota on the native cavernicolous one. However, some issues have emerged, implying potential threats that need to be further explored: (i) the presence of a considerable proportion of aliens in most studied marine caves of the Southeastern Mediterranean basin, (ii) the recently observed population explosion of alien cave-dwelling fishes in the same area, (iii) several indications that alien diversity in marine caves is much higher than we know today. Quantitative surveys and monitoring schemes are needed in order to evaluate potential effects of alien diversity on cave community structure and the role of marine caves as stepping stones for its expansion in the Mediterranean.
机译：地中海中外来物种的数量正在迅速增加，但是很少尝试评估对特定栖息地类型的影响。本研究通过撰写东地中海洞穴外星人的新记录，以及回顾零星的现有文献，研究了地中海海洋洞穴中的外星生物多样性。主要目标是突出潜在影响，并研究洞穴环境对扩展外来物种的重要性。在爱琴海和爱奥尼亚海的海洋洞穴中发现了七个新的外来物种，使地中海海洋洞穴中报告的外来物种总数增加到56种，分为软体动物，虫，苔藓，多壳类，甲壳类，大型藻类，鱼类和被膜。大多数洞穴外星人（66％）是从黎凡特东南沿海地区记录的，特别是黎巴嫩洞穴。有人建议将航运和莱斯佩斯移民作为外星人引入地中海洞穴的主要途径。将外来洞穴生物多样性与更新的地中海外来物种清单（最新清单增加了32个物种）进行比较，显示出物种丰富度，生物地理起源和主要引进途径相似的模式和趋势，从而证实了先前关于地中海洞穴生物多样性在当地具有较高代表性的发现。外来物种似乎主要侵袭浅和/或半淹没的洞穴和隧道的入口和半暗区，而只有少数几个到达了邻氨基苯甲酸类型的黑暗内部区域或洞穴。因此，不利的洞穴环境似乎至少在一定程度上受到了自然保护，免受与机会性入侵物种有关的影响。目前，尚无研究证实外来生物群对原生海绵体有任何直接影响。但是，已经出现了一些问题，这意味着潜在的威胁有待进一步探讨：（i）东南地中海盆地大部分经过研究的海蚀洞中存在相当大比例的外星人，（ii）最近观察到的外来洞穴人口爆炸-在同一地区居住的鱼类；（iii）有迹象表明，海洋洞穴中的外来生物多样性比我们今天所知道的要高得多。为了评估外来生物多样性对洞穴群落结构的潜在影响以及海洋洞穴作为其在地中海扩展的垫脚石的作用，需要进行定量调查和监测计划。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology》 |2016年第2期|239-256|共18页
  • 作者

    Gerovasileiou Vasilis; Voultsiadou Eleni; Issaris Yiannis; Zenetos Argyro;

  • 作者单位

    Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture Heraklion Crete Greece;

    Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Zoology Thessaloniki Greece;

    Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Zoology Thessaloniki Greece;

    Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Oceanography Attica Greece;

    Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Attica Greece;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Biodiversity; invasions; marine aliens; marine caves; Mediterranean Sea;

    机译：生物多样性;入侵;海洋外星人;海洋洞穴;地中海;

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