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Evaluating the external costs of trailer transport: a comparison of sea and road

机译：评估拖车运输的外部成本：海洋和道路的比较

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摘要

The objective of this study is to deduce the comparative level of external costs per transported trailer within a context where an existing freight transport chain is replaced by one that includes greater use of shipping. Using both Sweden's national guidelines for cost-benefit analysis (ASEK) and the European guidelines (Ricardo), the external costs of two alternative options are evaluated. The external costs for a road and shipping option are estimated to be lower than for the direct shipping option under Swedish guidelines, but higher under the European guidelines. However, the results favour the road and shipping option in preference to the direct shipping option under both Swedish and European guidelines when internalizing taxes and fees are accounted for. This is the case even where the shipping mode is compliant with the most stringent environmental regulations. The paper concludes that the evaluation system employed can have a fundamental impact on the outcome of a CBA and that the Swedish guidelines (ASEK) could by improved by incorporating specific values for air pollution from ships (particularly NO, emissions) and a system for regularly updating emission factors.
机译：本研究的目的是在现有的货运链所取代的背景下，在包括更多运输的情况下，在每个运输的拖车中推断出每台运输拖车的比较水平。使用瑞典的国家成本效益分析（ASEK）和欧洲准则（Ricardo）的国家指南，评估了两种替代方案的外部费用。道路和航运期权的外部成本估计低于瑞典指南下的直接送货选择，但在欧洲准则下更高。但是，结果有利于瑞典和欧洲准则在内部化税收和费用下的直接航运期权的道路和运输选择。即使是运输方式符合最严格的环境法规，这也是如此。本文的结论是，所雇用的评估系统对CBA的结果产生根本影响，并通过将特定价值纳入船舶（特别是不排放）和系统的空气污染和系统的特定价值来改善瑞典准则（ASEK）更新排放因子。

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