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Generic element formulation for modelling bolted lap joints

机译：用于建模螺栓搭接接头的通用元素公式

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Joints have significant effects on the dynamic response of the assembled structures due to existence of two non-linear mechanisms in their interface, namely slipping and slapping. These mechanisms affect the structural response by adding considerable damping into the structure and lowering the natural frequencies due to the stiffness softening. Neglecting these effects in modelling of joints produces errors in predictions of the structure responses. In this paper, a non-linear generic element formulation is developed for modelling bolted lap joints. The generic element is formed by satisfying all conditions that are known for a joint interface and hence providing a non-linear parametric formulation for the families of allowable joint models. Dynamic response of the developed model for the assembled structure including the generic joint interface element is obtained using the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. The generic parameters of the joint are identified by minimising the difference between the model response obtained from IHB method and the observed behaviour of the structure. The procedure is demonstrated by modelling an actual structure containing a single lap bolted joint in the middle. The frequency responses of the structure around the first two resonance frequencies are measured by exciting the structure using a sinusoidal force at each individual frequency. The measured responses are compared with the predictions of the model containing a parametric generic joint element. The parameters of the joint interface model are successfully identified by minimising the difference between the measured responses and the model predictions.
机译：关节由于其界面中存在两个非线性机制，即打滑和拍打，因此对组装结构的动力响应具有重大影响。这些机制通过给结构增加相当大的阻尼并由于刚度软化而降低固有频率来影响结构响应。在关节建模中忽略这些影响会在结构响应的预测中产生误差。在本文中，开发了一种非线性通用元素公式，用于建模螺栓搭接接头。通用元素是通过满足关节接口已知的所有条件并因此为允许的关节模型族提供非线性参数公式来形成的。使用增量谐波平衡（IHB）方法可获得包含通用关节接口元素的已装配结构的已开发模型的动态响应。通过最小化从IHB方法获得的模型响应与所观察到的结构行为之间的差异来识别关节的通用参数。通过对中间结构包含单个搭接螺栓连接的实际结构进行建模来演示该过程。通过在每个单独的频率上使用正弦力激励结构来测量结构在前两个共振频率附近的频率响应。将测得的响应与包含参数通用接头元素的模型的预测进行比较。通过最小化测得的响应与模型预测之间的差异，可以成功地识别出联合界面模型的参数。

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