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Engaging Experts: Science-Policy Interactions and the Introduction of Congestion Charging in Stockholm

机译：与会专家：科学与政策的互动以及斯德哥尔摩拥堵收费的介绍

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摘要

This article analyzes the conditions for mobilizing the science base for development of public policy. It does so by focusing upon the science-policy interface, specifically the processes of direct interaction between scientists and scientifically trained experts, on the one hand, and agents of policymaking organizations, on the other. The article defines two dimensions – cognitive distance and expert autonomy – which are argued to influence knowledge exchange, in such a way as to shape the outcome. A case study on the implementation of congestion charges in Stockholm, Sweden, illustrates how the proposed framework pinpoints three central issues for understanding these processes: (1) Differentiating the roles of, e.g., a science-based consultancy firm and an academic environment in policy formation; (2) Examining the fit between the organizational form of the science-policy interface and the intended goals; and (3) Increasing our understanding of when policymaker agents themselves need to develop scientific competence in order to interact effectively with scientific experts.
机译：本文分析了动员科学基础发展公共政策的条件。它这样做的重点是科学与政策的互动，特别是一方面是科学家与受过科学训练的专家之间的直接互动，另一方面是决策组织的代理人之间的直接互动。本文定义了两个维度-认知距离和专家自主权-认为这两个维度以影响结果的方式影响知识交流。关于瑞典斯德哥尔摩拥堵收费实施情况的案例研究，说明了拟议框架如何明确指出了理解这些过程的三个核心问题：（1）区分例如以科学为基础的咨询公司和学术环境在政策中的作用编队（2）审查科学政策互动界面的组织形式与预期目标之间的契合度； （3）加深我们对决策者自身何时需要发展科学才能与科学专家进行有效互动的理解。

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