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Rethinking Polanyi's Concept of Tacit Knowledge: From Personal Knowing to Imagined Institutions

机译：重新思考波兰尼的默会知识概念：从个人认识到想象中的制度

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Half a century after Michael Polanyi conceptualised 'the tacit component' in personal knowing, management studies has reinvented 'tacit knowledge'-albeit in ways that squander the advantages of Polanyi's insights and ignore his faith in 'spiritual reality'. While tacit knowing challenged the absurdities of sheer objectivity, expressed in a 'perfect language', it fused rational knowing, based on personal experience, with mystical speculation about an un-experienced 'external reality'. Faith alone saved Polanyi's model from solipsism. But Ernst von Gla-sersfeld's radical constructivism provides scope to rethink personal tacit knowing with regard to 'other people' and the intersubjectively viable construction of 'experiential reality'. By separating tacit knowing from Polanyi's metaphysical realism and drawing on Benedict Anderson's concept of 'imagined communities', it is possible to conceptualise 'imagined institutions' as the tacit dimension of power that shapes human interaction. Whereas Douglass North claimed institutions could be reduced to rules, imagined institutions are known in ways we cannot tell.
机译：在迈克尔·波兰尼（Michael Polanyi）将个人知识中的“默认要素”概念化后半个世纪，管理学研究已经重新发明了“默认知识”，尽管这种方式浪费了波兰尼洞察力的优势，却忽略了他对“精神现实”的信念。隐性知识挑战以“完美语言”表达的纯粹客观性的荒谬性，但它融合了基于个人经验的理性认识与对未经历的“外部现实”的神秘推测。仅凭信仰就可以使波兰尼的模式摆脱唯心主义。但是恩斯特·冯·格拉塞斯菲尔德（Ernst von Gla-sersfeld）的激进建构主义为重新思考关于“其他人”的个人默契和“体验性现实”的主体间可行的建构提供了空间。通过将默契知识与波兰尼的形而上学现实主义分开，并利用本尼迪克特·安德森的“想象中的社区”概念，可以将“想象中的制度”概念化为塑造人类互动的隐性权力。道格拉斯·诺斯（Douglass North）声称可以将制度简化为规则，而想象中的制度却以我们无法分辨的方式而闻名。

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