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Subextraction in Japanese and subject-object symmetry

机译：日语中的子提取和主客体对称

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For a long time Japanese was taken to be a language lacking a subject-object asymmetry in subextraction. Two recent experimental studies have challenged this conclusion suggesting that Japanese complex NP (CNP) subjects are more opaque to subextraction than CNP objects (Jurka 2010; Jurka et al. 2011). Given the significance of this claim for the cross-linguistic landscape of subextraction phenomena, this study further explores the nature of subextraction phenomena in Japanese with three acceptability judgment experiments. We show that overt subextraction (scrambling) out of CNP subjects and objects results in similar acceptability ratings once the relative weight and order of constituents are properly controlled for. Recent experimental work which suggested that Japanese has a subject-object asymmetry to subextraction predicted that wh-in-situ adjuncts should lead to greater degradation for subextraction out of subjects as compared to subextraction out of objects. To test this prediction, we also present novel experimental data on wh-in-situ phrases inside subjects and objects in Japanese. Our results show that the argument/adjunct status of wh-in-situ phrases does not interact with the subject/object status of the CNPs, further invalidating the recent claims. Together these findings support the traditional view that Japanese has no subject-object asymmetry in subextraction, whether overt or covert. Having restored the status of Japanese as a language with no subject-object asymmetry in subextraction, we discuss possible reasons that could account for the absence of such an asymmetry. We suggest that the lack of asymmetry is due to Japanese subjects' inability to satisfy the EPP on T/C; we further contend that cross-linguistic variation in subject transparency follows from whether or not the feature D comes from subjects.
机译：长期以来，日语一直被认为是一种在子提取中缺乏主观不对称的语言。最近的两项实验研究对这一结论提出了挑战，表明日本复杂的NP（CNP）受试者比CNP对象更容易被亚萃取（Jurka 2010; Jurka et al。2011）。考虑到这一主张对于子提取现象的跨语言环境的重要性，本研究通过三个可接受性判断实验进一步探讨了日语中子提取现象的性质。我们显示，一旦适当地控制了成分的相对重量和顺序，从CNP主题和对象中进行的明显的子提取（加扰）会导致相似的可接受性等级。最近的实验工作表明日语对次提取具有主观客体不对称性，这预示了与从对象外进行次提取相比，原位辅助词应导致对象外提取的更大降解。为了检验这一预测，我们还提出了有关日语主题和对象内部的原位短语的新颖实验数据。我们的结果表明，原语短语的论据/辅助状态不会与CNP的主题/客体状态相互作用，从而使最近的声明无效。这些发现共同支持了传统观点，即日语在子提取中没有主客不对称性，无论是公开的还是秘密的。在恢复了日语作为次提取中没有主语-客体不对称性的语言的地位之后，我们讨论了可能导致不存在这种不对称性的可能原因。我们认为缺乏不对称性是由于日本受试者无法满足T / C上的EPP。我们进一步认为，对象透明度的跨语言变化取决于特征D是否来自对象。

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