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New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem

机译：侏罗纪生态系统中哺乳动物形式的耳朵进化和喂养适应的新证据

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摘要

Stem mammaliaforms are forerunners to modern mammals(1), and they achieved considerable ecomorphological diversity in their own right(2). Recent discoveries suggest that eleutherodontids, a subclade of Haramiyida, were more species-rich during the Jurassic period in Asia than previously recognized(3-12). Here we report a new Jurassic eleutherodontid mammaliaform with an unusual mosaic of highly specialized characteristics(1-6), and the results of phylogenetic analyses that support the hypothesis that haramiyidans are stem mammaliaforms. The new fossil shows fossilized skin membranes that are interpreted to be for gliding and a mandibular middle ear with a unique character combination previously unknown in mammaliaforms. Incisor replacement is prolonged until well after molars are fully erupted, a timing pattern unique to most other mammaliaforms. In situ molar occlusion and a functional analysis reveal a new mode of dental occlusion: dual mortar-pestle occlusion of opposing upper and lower molars, probably for dual crushing and grinding. This suggests that eleutherodontids are herbivorous, and probably specialized for granivory or feeding on soft plant tissues. The inferred dietary adaptation of eleutherodontid gliders represents a remarkable evolutionary convergence with herbivorous gliders in Theria. These Jurassic fossils represent volant, herbivorous stem mammaliaforms associated with pre-angiosperm plants that appear long before the later, iterative associations between angiosperm plants and volant herbivores in various therian clades.
机译：干哺乳动物形式是现代哺乳动物的先驱（1），它们本身就实现了可观的生态形态多样性（2）。最近的发现表明，在亚洲侏罗纪时期，斑牙线虫是Haramiyida的一个亚种，比以前认识的物种丰富得多（3-12）。在这里，我们报告了一种新的侏罗纪齿齿类哺乳动物形态，其具有高度专业化特征的异常镶嵌（1-6），以及系统发育分析的结果均支持haramiyidans是茎哺乳动物形态的假说。新的化石显示出化石化的皮肤膜，被解释为是可以滑动的，而下颌中耳则具有以前在哺乳动物中未知的独特特征组合。延长了切牙的更换，直到磨牙完全萌出为止，这是大多数其他哺乳动物形式所独有的计时模式。原位磨牙咬合和功能分析揭示了一种新的牙齿咬合模式：相对的上下磨牙的双砂浆-石棉咬合，可能用于双重粉碎和打磨。这表明，齿齿动物是草食性的，可能专门用于肉食或以植物的软组织为食。推断齿齿don滑翔机的饮食适应性与Theria的草食性滑翔机具有显着的进化趋同。这些侏罗纪化石代表与被子植物前的植物相关的雄伟的草食性干哺乳动物，早在被子植物中的被子植物和雄性草食动物之间的迭代关联之前就出现了很长时间。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2017年第7667期|326-329|共4页
  • 作者

    Luo Zhe-Xi; Meng Qing-Jin; Grossnickle David M.; Liu Di; Neander April I.; Zhang Yu-Guang; Ji Qiang;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, 1025 E 57Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA|Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA;

    Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China;

    Univ Chicago, Comm Evolutionary Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA;

    Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China;

    Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, 1025 E 57Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA;

    Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China;

    Hebei GEO Univ, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, Peoples R China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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