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Site-selective and stereoselective functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds

机译:未激活的C-H键的位点选择和立体选择功能化

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摘要

The laboratory synthesis of complex organic molecules relies heavily on the introduction and manipulation of functional groups, such as carbon-oxygen or carbon-halogen bonds; carbon-hydrogen bonds are far less reactive and harder to functionalize selectively. The idea of C-H functionalization, in which C-H bonds are modified at will instead of the functional groups, represents a paradigm shift in the standard logic of organic synthesis(1-3). For this approach to be generally useful, effective strategies for site-selective C-H functionalization need to be developed. The most practical solutions to the site-selectivity problem rely on either intramolecular reactions(4) or the use of directing groups within the substrate(5-8). A challenging, but potentially more flexible approach, would be to use catalyst control to determine which site in a particular substrate would be functionalized(9-11). Here we describe the use of dirhodium catalysts to achieve highly site-selective, diastereoselective and enantioselective C-H functionalization of n-alkanes and terminally substituted n-alkyl compounds. The reactions proceed in high yield, and functional groups such as halides, silanes and esters are compatible with this chemistry. These studies demonstrate that high site selectivity is possible in C-H functionalization reactions without the need for a directing or anchoring group present in the molecule.
机译:复杂有机分子的实验室合成在很大程度上依赖于官能团的引入和操纵,例如碳氧键或碳卤键。碳氢键的反应性低得多,更难以选择性地进行功能化。 C-H功能化的思想代表了有机合成标准逻辑的范式转变,其中C-H键可以随意修饰而不是官能团(1-3)。为了使这种方法普遍有用,需要开发有效的位点选择性C-H功能化策略。解决位点选择性问题的最实际解决方案取决于分子内反应(4)或底物内方向基团的使用(5-8)。一个具有挑战性但可能更灵活的方法是使用催化剂控制来确定特定底物中的哪个位点将被官能化(9-11)。在这里,我们描述了使用dirhodium催化剂实现正构烷烃和末端取代的正烷基化合物的高度位点选择性,非对映选择性和对映选择性C-H官能化。反应以高收率进行,并且诸如卤化物,硅烷和酯的官能团与此化学相容。这些研究表明,在C-H功能化反应中可能需要高位点选择性,而无需分子中存在直接或锚定基团。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2016年第7602期|230-234|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;

    Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;

    Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, 1521 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;

    Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;

    Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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