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Sexual selection protects against extinction

机译：性选择可以防止灭绝

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摘要

Reproduction through sex carries substantial costs, mainly because only half of sexual adults produce offspring(1). It has been theorized that these costs could be countered if sex allows sexual selection to clear the universal fitness constraint of mutation load(2-4). Under sexual selection, competition between (usually) males and mate choice by (usually) females create important intraspecific filters for reproductive success, so that only a subset of males gains paternity. If reproductive success under sexual selection is dependent on individual condition, which is contingent to mutation load, then sexually selected filtering through 'genic capture'(5) could offset the costs of sex because it provides genetic benefits to populations. Here we test this theory experimentally by comparing whether populations with histories of strong versus weak sexual selection purge mutation load and resist extinction differently. After evolving replicate populations of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum for 6 to 7 years under conditions that differed solely in the strengths of sexual selection, we revealed mutation load using inbreeding. Lineages from populations that had previously experienced strong sexual selection were resilient to extinction and maintained fitness under inbreeding, with some families continuing to survive after 20 generations of sib 3 sib mating. By contrast, lineages derived from populations that experienced weak or nonexistent sexual selection showed rapid fitness declines under inbreeding, and all were extinct after generation 10. Multiple mutations across the genome with individually small effects can be difficult to clear, yet sum to a significant fitness load; our findings reveal that sexual selection reduces this load, improving population viability in the face of genetic stress.
机译：通过性繁殖会带来巨大的成本，主要是因为只有一半的成年性成年后代（1）。从理论上讲，如果性别允许性别选择清除突变负荷的普遍适用性约束，则可以抵消这些成本（2-4）。在性别选择下，（通常）男性之间的竞争和（通常）女性之间的配偶选择为繁殖成功创造了重要的种内筛选条件，因此只有一小部分男性获得父权。如果按性别选择的生殖成功取决于个体条件，这取决于突变的负荷，则通过“基因捕获”（5）进行的按性别选择的过滤可以抵消性成本，因为它为人群提供了遗传益处。在这里，我们通过比较具有强性选择和弱性选择历史的人群清除突变负荷和抵抗灭绝的方式，来实验性地测试该理论。在完全不同的性选择强度条件下，进化了六个甲虫cast虫（Tribolium castaneum）6至7年后，我们发现了近交繁殖的突变负荷。以前经历过强烈的性选择的种群中的血统能够抵抗灭绝，并在近交繁殖下保持健康，一些家庭在同胞3 sib交配20代后仍继续存活。相比之下，来自具有弱性选择或不存在性选择的种群的血统在近亲繁殖下显示出快速的适应性下降，并且在第10代后都消失了。整个基因组中的多个突变具有个别的小影响可能难以清除，但总的来说很适合加载;我们的发现表明，性选择减少了这种负担，在面对遗传压力时提高了种群的生存能力。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7557期|470-473|共4页
  • 作者

    Lumley Alyson J.; Michalczyk Lukasz; Kitson James J. N.; Spurgin Lewis G.; Morrison Catriona A.; Godwin Joanne L.; Dickinson Matthew E.; Martin Oliver Y.; Emerson Brent C.; Chapman Tracey; Gage Matthew J. G.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Zool, Dept Entomol, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    ETH, Inst Integrat Biol, D USYS, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;

    Inst Prod Nat & Agrobiol IPNA CSIC, Isl Ecol & Evolut Res Grp, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38206, Canary Islands, Spain;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

    Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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