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Vibrational spectroscopy in the electron microscope

机译：电子显微镜中的振动光谱

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摘要

对材料和化学物质的振动行为敏感的光谱(如红外光谱和拉曼光谱),被广泛用来了解化学和物理性质。这些振动激发原则上也可以被"电子能量损失谱"(EELS)检测到，但该效应比较弱，提取这种信号所需的能量分辨率迄今为止在电子显微镜中还做不到。在这项研究中，Ondrej Krivanek及同事证明，现在电子显微镜领域的最新进展意味着，振动谱能够以高空间分辨率在扫描透射电子显微镜中获得。作者介绍了在无机和有机材料方面的应用示例，其中包括氢的直接检测，这种能力在对氢存储材料和生物组织等各种不同系统的分析中可能会有很大用途。%Vibrational spectroscopies using infrared radiation, Raman scattering, neutrons, low-energy electrons and inelastic electron tunnelling are powerful techniques that can analyse bonding arrangements, identify chemical compounds and probe many other important properties of materials. The spatial resolution of these spectroscopies is typically one micrometre or more, although it can reach a few tens of nanometres or even a few angstroems when enhanced by the presence of a sharp metallic tip. If vibrational spectroscopy could be combined with the spatial resolution and flexibility of the transmission electron microscope, it would open up the study of vibrational modes in many different types of nanostructures. Unfortunately, the energy resolution of electron energy loss spectroscopy performed in the electron microscope has until now been too poor to allow such a combination. Recent developments that have improved the attainable energy resolution of electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope to around ten millielectronvolts now allow vibrational spectroscopy to be carried out in the electron microscope. Here we describe the innovations responsible for the progress, and present examples of applications in inorganic and organic materials, including the detection of hydrogen. We also demonstrate that the vibrational signal has both high- and low-spatial-resolution components, that the first component can be used to map vibrational features at nanometre-level resolution, and that the second component can be used for analysis carried out with the beam positioned just outside the sample-that is, for 'aloof' spectroscopy that lately avoids radiation damage.
机译：对材料和化学物质的振动行为敏感的光谱(如红外光谱和拉曼光谱),被广泛用来了解化学和物理性质。这些振动激发原则上也可以被"电子能量损失谱"(EELS)检测到，但该效应比较弱，提取这种信号所需的能量分辨率迄今为止在电子显微镜中还做不到。在这项研究中，Ondrej Krivanek及同事证明，现在电子显微镜领域的最新进展意味着，振动谱能够以高空间分辨率在扫描透射电子显微镜中获得。作者介绍了在无机和有机材料方面的应用示例，其中包括氢的直接检测，这种能力在对氢存储材料和生物组织等各种不同系统的分析中可能会有很大用途。%Vibrational spectroscopies using infrared radiation, Raman scattering, neutrons, low-energy electrons and inelastic electron tunnelling are powerful techniques that can analyse bonding arrangements, identify chemical compounds and probe many other important properties of materials. The spatial resolution of these spectroscopies is typically one micrometre or more, although it can reach a few tens of nanometres or even a few angstroems when enhanced by the presence of a sharp metallic tip. If vibrational spectroscopy could be combined with the spatial resolution and flexibility of the transmission electron microscope, it would open up the study of vibrational modes in many different types of nanostructures. Unfortunately, the energy resolution of electron energy loss spectroscopy performed in the electron microscope has until now been too poor to allow such a combination. Recent developments that have improved the attainable energy resolution of electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope to around ten millielectronvolts now allow vibrational spectroscopy to be carried out in the electron microscope. Here we describe the innovations responsible for the progress, and present examples of applications in inorganic and organic materials, including the detection of hydrogen. We also demonstrate that the vibrational signal has both high- and low-spatial-resolution components, that the first component can be used to map vibrational features at nanometre-level resolution, and that the second component can be used for analysis carried out with the beam positioned just outside the sample-that is, for 'aloof' spectroscopy that lately avoids radiation damage.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7521期|209-212a1|共5页
  • 作者

    Ondrej L. Krivanek; Tracy C. Lovejoy; Niklas Dellby; Toshihiro Aoki; R. W. Carpenter; Peter Rez; Emmanuel Soignard; Jiangtao Zhu; Philip E. Batson; Maureen J. Lagos; Ray F. Egerton; Peter A. Crozier;

  • 作者单位

    Nion Company, 1102 Eighth Street, Kirkland, Washington 98033, USA,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

    Nion Company, 1102 Eighth Street, Kirkland, Washington 98033, USA;

    Nion Company, 1102 Eighth Street, Kirkland, Washington 98033, USA;

    LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

    Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

    LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

    LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA,TDK Headway Technologies Incorporated, Milpitas, California 95035, USA;

    Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA,Departments of Physics and Materials Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA;

    Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA,Departments of Physics and Materials Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA;

    Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada;

    School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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