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Structure and function of the initially transcribing RNA polymerase II-TFIIB complex

机译:最初转录的RNA聚合酶II-TFIIB复合物的结构和功能

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The general transcription factor (TF) IIB is required for RNA polymerase (Pol) II initiation and extends with its B-reader element into the Pol II active centre cleft. Low-resolution structures of the Pol II-TFIIB complex indicated how TFIIB functions in DNA recruitment, but they lacked nucleic acids and half of the B-reader, leaving other TFIIB functions3'4 enigmatic. Here we report crystal structures of the Pol II-TFIIB complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 3.4 A resolution and of an initially transcribing complex that additionally contains the DNA template and a 6-nudeotide RNA product. The structures reveal the entire B-reader and protein-nucleic acid interactions, and together with functional data lead to a more complete understanding of transcription initiation. TFIIB partially closes the polymerase cleft to position DNA and assist in its opening. The B-reader does not reach the active site but binds the DNA template strand upstream to assist in the recognition of the initiator sequence and in positioning the transcription start site. TFIIB rearranges active-site residues, induces binding of the catalytic metal ion B, and stimulates initial RNA synthesis allosterically. TFIIB then prevents the emerging DNA-RNA hybrid duplex from tilting, which would impair RNA synthesis. When the RNA grows beyond 6 nudeotides, it is separated from DNA and is directed to its exit tunnel by the B-reader loop. Once the RNA grows to 12-13 nudeotides, it clashes with TFIIB, triggering TFIIB displacement and elongation complex formation. Similar mechanisms may underlie all cellular transcription because all eukaryotic and archaeal RNA polymerases use TFIIB-like factors, and the bacterial initiation factor sigma has TFIIB-like topology and contains the loop region 3.2 that resembles the B-reader loop in location, charge and function. TFIIB and its counterparts may thus account for the two fundamental properties that distinguish RNA from DNA polymerases: primer-independent chain initiation and product separation from the template.%“通用转录因子”TFIIB是RNA聚合酶(Pol)II启动基因转录所必需的。在这篇论文中,Patrick Cramer及其同事报告了Pol II-TFIIB复合物在自由状态下和被DNA模板及一个短RNA产物结合的状态下的高分辨率晶体结构。后一种状态下的复合物代表一种刚开始转录的复合物,它是从转录启动到伸长过程的通道中一个关键瞬时状态。这些结构和相伴随的功能数据使我们对转录启动的机制有一个更全面的了解,也解释了RNA和DNA聚合酶的性质之间的一些根本性差别。
机译:RNA聚合酶(Pol)II的启动需要通用转录因子(TF)IIB,并且其B读数元件延伸到Pol II活性中心裂口中。 Pol II-TFIIB复合物的低分辨率结构表明TFIIB如何在DNA募集中发挥功能,但它们缺乏核酸和B-阅读器的一半,而其他TFIIB功能则难以捉摸。在这里我们报道了来自酵母酵母的Pol II-TFIIB复合物的晶体结构,分辨率为3.4 A,并且最初转录的复合物还包含DNA模板和6-核苷酸RNA产物。该结构揭示了整个B-阅读器和蛋白质-核酸相互作用,并与功能数据一起导致对转录起始的更完整理解。 TFIIB部分关闭聚合酶缝隙以定位DNA并协助其打开。 B-阅读器未到达活性位点,但在上游结合了DNA模板链,以帮助识别起始序列并定位转录起始位点。 TFIIB重排活性位点残基,诱导催化金属离子B结合,并变构刺激初始RNA合成。然后TFIIB防止新兴的DNA-RNA杂交双链体倾斜,从而损害RNA合成。当RNA增长超过6个核苷酸时,它会与DNA分离,并通过B-reader环引导至其出口通道。一旦RNA生长到12-13个核苷酸,它就会与TFIIB发生碰撞,触发TFIIB置换和延伸复合物的形成。类似的机制可能是所有细胞转录的基础,因为所有的真核生物和古细菌RNA聚合酶均使用类似TFIIB的因子,细菌起始因子sigma具有类似于TFIIB的拓扑结构,并且在位置,电荷和功能上包含类似于B-reader环的环区3.2。 。因此,TFIIB及其对应物可能解释了区分RNA与DNA聚合酶的两个基本特性:与引物无关的链起始和与模板的产物分离。%“通用转录因子” TFIIB是RNA聚合酶(Pol)II启动基因转录所必需的。在本文中,Patrick Cramer及其同事报告了Pol II-TFIIB复合物在自由状态下和被DNA模板及一个短RNA结合的状态下的结晶晶体结构。后一种状态下一个的复合物代表一种刚开始转录的复合物,它是从转录启动到延伸过程的通道中一个关键瞬态。这些结构和相伴随的功能数据使我们对转录启动的机制有一个更全面的了解,也解释了RNA和DNA聚合酶的性质之间的一些根本性差异。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7432期|437-440qt5|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muencrien, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25,81377 Munich, Germany;

    Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muencrien, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25,81377 Munich, Germany;

    Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muencrien, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25,81377 Munich, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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