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An intrinsic mechanism of corticogenesis from embryonic stem cells

机译:胚胎干细胞皮质发生的内在机制

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The cerebral cortex develops through the coordinated generation of dozens of neuronal subtypes, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem cells, cultured without any morphogen but in the presence of a sonic hedgehog inhibitor, recapitulate in vitro the major milestones of cortical development, leading to the sequential generation of a diverse repertoire of neurons that display most salient features of genuine cortical pyramidal neurons. When grafted into the cerebral cortex, these neurons develop patterns of axonal projections corresponding to a wide range of cortical layers, but also to highly specific cortical areas, in particular visual and limbic areas, thereby demonstrating that the identity of a cortical area can be specified without any influence from the brain. The discovery of intrinsic corticogenesis sheds new light on the mechanisms of neuronal specification, and opens new avenues for the modelling and treatment of brain diseases.
机译:大脑皮层通过数十种神经元亚型的协调生成而发展,但其机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们表明,小鼠胚胎干细胞在没有任何形态发生素的情况下培养,但是在存在声波刺猬抑制剂的情况下,在体外概括了皮质发育的主要里程碑,从而导致产生了神经元最显着特征的多样化神经元序列的顺序生成。真正的皮质锥体神经元。当将这些神经元移植到大脑皮层中时,它们会形成轴突投影的模式,这些模式不仅对应于广泛的皮质层,而且还对应于高度特定的皮质区域,尤其是视觉和边缘区域,从而证明可以确定皮质区域的身份不受大脑的任何影响。内在皮质发生的发现为神经元规范的机制提供了新的思路,并为脑部疾病的建模和治疗开辟了新途径。

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