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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Protein phosphatase 2A protects centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I
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Protein phosphatase 2A protects centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I

机译：蛋白质磷酸酶2A在减数分裂I期间保护着丝粒姐妹染色单体的内聚

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摘要

Segregation of homologous maternal and paternal centromeres to opposite poles during meiosis I depends on post-replicative crossing over between homologous non-sister chromatids, which creates chiasmata and therefore bivalent chromosomes. Destruction of sister chromatid cohesion along chromosome arms due to proteolytic cleavage of cohesin's Rec8 subunit by separase resolves chiasmata and thereby triggers the first meiotic division. This produces univalent chromosomes, the chromatids of which are held together by centromeric cohesin that has been protected from separase by shugoshin (Sgo1/MEI-S332) proteins. Here we show in both fission and budding yeast that Sgo1 recruits to centromeres a specific form of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Its inactivation causes loss of centromeric cohesin at anaphase I and random segregation of sister centromeres at the second meiotic division. Artificial recruitment of PP2A to chromosome arms prevents Rec8 phosphorylation and hinders resolution of chiasmata. Our data are consistent with the notion that efficient cleavage of Rec8 requires phosphorylation of cohesin and that this is blocked by PP2A at meiosis I centromeres.
机译：减数分裂I期间同源母体和父本着丝粒分离到相反的极点取决于同源非姊妹染色单体之间的复制后交换，从而产生了chiasmata并因此形成了二价染色体。由于分离酶对粘着蛋白Rec8亚基的蛋白水解切割而破坏了沿染色体臂的姐妹染色单体凝聚力，从而消解了chiasmata，从而触发了第一次减数分裂分裂。这产生了单价染色体，其染色体的染色质由着丝粒黏附素结合在一起，着丝粒黏附素已被信果（Sgo1 / MEI-S332）蛋白质保护，免受分离酶的侵害。在这里，我们在裂变和发芽酵母中均显示Sgo1募集到着丝粒的一种特定形式的蛋白质磷酸酶2A（PP2A）。它的失活导致在后期I的着丝粒黏附素的丢失和在第二个减数分裂分裂中姊妹着丝粒的随机分离。将PP2A人工募集到染色体臂上可防止Rec8磷酸化，并阻碍了眼裂的解决。我们的数据与Rec8的有效裂解需要黏着蛋白的磷酸化以及在减数分裂I着丝粒处被PP2A磷酸化的观念相一致。

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