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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN
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Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN

机译：灵长类动物视网膜中表达黑素蛋白的神经节细胞信号颜色和辐照度并投射至LGN

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摘要

Human vision starts with the activation of rod photoreceptors in dim light and short (S)-, medium (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptors in daylight. Recently a parallel, non-rod, non-cone photoreceptive pathway, arising from a population of retinal ganglion cells, was discovered in nocturnal rodents(1). These ganglion cells express the putative photopigment melanopsin and by signalling gross changes in light intensity serve the subconscious, 'non-image-forming' functions of circadian photoentrainment and pupil constriction(1-7). Here we show an anatomically distinct population of 'giant', melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in the primate retina that, in addition to being intrinsically photosensitive, are strongly activated by rods and cones, and display a rare, S-Off, ( L + M)-On type of colour-opponent receptive field. The intrinsic, rod and (L + M) cone-derived light responses combine in these giant cells to signal irradiance over the full dynamic range of human vision. In accordance with cone-based colour opponency, the giant cells project to the lateral geniculate nucleus, the thalamic relay to primary visual cortex. Thus, in the diurnal trichromatic primate, 'non-image-forming' and conventional 'image-forming' retinal pathways are merged, and the melanopsin-based signal might contribute to conscious visual perception.
机译：人类的视力始于在昏暗的光线下激活棒状感光器，并在日光下激活短（S）-，中（M）-和长（L）波长敏感的锥形感光器。最近，在夜间啮齿类动物中发现了由视网膜神经节细胞群引起的平行，无杆，无锥体的感光途径（1）。这些神经节细胞表达假定的色素沉着的黑色素，并通过发出光强度的总体变化信号来满足生理性光夹带和瞳孔收缩的潜意识“无图像形成”功能（1-7）。在这里，我们显示了在灵长类动物视网膜中解剖学上独特的，表达“巨型”，表达黑色素的神经节细胞群体，除了具有内在光敏性外，还被杆和视锥细胞强烈激活，并显示出罕见的S-Off（L + M）-对色感受态的类型。固有的，棒状的和（L + M）圆锥形的光响应在这些巨大的细胞中结合在一起，以在整个人类视觉动态范围内发出辐照信号。按照基于圆锥的颜色对立，巨细胞投射到外侧膝状核，丘脑中继到初级视觉皮层。因此，在昼夜三色灵长类动物中，“非图像形成”和传统的“图像形成”视网膜通路被合并，并且基于黑素的信号可能有助于清醒的视觉感知。

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