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Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15nm

机译:软X射线显微镜,空间分辨率优于15nm

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Analytical tools that have spatial resolution at the nanometre scale are indispensable for the life and physical sciences. It is desirable that these tools also permit elemental and chemical identification on a scale of 10 nm or less, with large penetration depths. A variety of techniques(1-7) in X-ray imaging are currently being developed that may provide these combined capabilities. Here we report the achievement of sub-15-nm spatial resolution with a soft X-ray microscope - and a clear path to below 10 nm - using an overlay technique for zone plate fabrication. The microscope covers a spectral range from a photon energy of 250 eV (similar to 5 nm wavelength) to 1.8 keV (similar to 0.7 nm), so that primary K and L atomic resonances of elements such as C, N, O, Al, Ti, Fe, Co and Ni can be probed. This X-ray microscopy technique is therefore suitable for a wide range of studies: biological imaging in the water window(8,9); studies of wet environmental samples(10,11); studies of magnetic nanostructures with both elemental and spin-orbit sensitivity(12-14); studies that require viewing through thin windows, coatings or substrates ( such as buried electronic devices in a silicon chip(15)); and three-dimensional imaging of cryogenically fixed biological cells(9,16).
机译:具有纳米级空间分辨率的分析工具对于生命和物理科学是必不可少的。期望这些工具还允许以大的穿透深度在10nm或更小的尺度上进行元素和化学识别。目前正在开发可以提供这些组合功能的各种X射线成像技术(1-7)。在这里,我们使用软X射线显微镜报告了15纳米以下的空间分辨率,并使用了用于区域板制造的覆盖技术,实现了低于10纳米的清晰路径。显微镜的光谱范围从250 eV(类似于5 nm波长)的光子能量到1.8 keV(类似于0.7 nm)的能量,因此C,N,O,Al等元素的主要K和L原子共振可以探测Ti,Fe,Co和Ni。因此,这种X射线显微镜技术适用于广泛的研究:水窗中的生物成像(8,9);潮湿环境样品的研究(10,11);具有元素和自旋轨道敏感性的磁性纳米结构研究(12-14);需要通过薄窗户,涂层或基板(例如硅芯片中的埋藏电子设备)观察的研究(15);低温固定生物细胞的三维成像(9,16)。

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