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Catalytic enantioselective reactions driven by photoinduced electron transfer

机译:光诱导电子转移驱动的催化对映选择性反应

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Photoinduced electron transfer is an essential step in the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in photosystems I and II (ref. 1), and is also frequently used by chemists to build complex molecules from simple precursors(2). During this process, light absorption generates molecules in excited electronic states that are susceptible to accepting or donating electrons. But although the excited states are straightforward to generate, their short lifetimes makes it challenging to control electron transfer and subsequent product formation - particularly if enantiopure products are desired. Control strategies developed so far use hydrogen bonding, to embed photochemical substrates in chiral environments(3) and to render photochemical reactions enantioselective through the use of rigid chiral complexing agents(4). To go beyond such stoichiometric chiral information transmission, catalytic turnover is required(5). Here we present a catalytic photoinduced electron transfer reaction that proceeds with considerable turnover and high enantioselectivity. By using an electron accepting chiral organocatalyst that enforces a chiral environment on the substrate through hydrogen bonding, we obtain the product in significant enantiomeric excess ( up to 70%) and in yields reaching 64%. This performance suggests that photochemical routes to chiral compounds may find use in general asymmetric synthesis.
机译:光诱导的电子转移是在光系统I和II中将太阳能转化为化学能的必不可少的步骤(参考文献1),并且化学家还经常使用它从简单的前体中构建复杂的分子(2)。在此过程中,光吸收会产生处于激发电子状态的分子,该分子易于接受或提供电子。但是,尽管激发态很容易产生,但它们的寿命短,使得控制电子转移和随后的产物形成具有挑战性,尤其是在需要对映纯产物的情况下。迄今为止开发的控制策略是使用氢键将光化学底物嵌入手性环境中(3),并通过使用刚性手性络合剂使光化学反应对映选择性(4)。为了超越这种化学计量的手性信息传递,需要催化转化(5)。在这里,我们提出了一种催化的光诱导电子转移反应,该反应以相当大的周转率和高对映选择性进行。通过使用能通过氢键在底物上形成手性环境的电子接受手性有机催化剂,我们获得了对映体过量(最多70%)且收率达到64%的产物。该性能表明,手性化合物的光化学途径可用于一般的不对称合成中。

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