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Mapping the world's free-flowing rivers

机译:绘制世界上自由流动的河流

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摘要

Free-flowing rivers (FFRs) support diverse, complex and dynamic ecosystems globally, providing important societal and economic services. Infrastructure development threatens the ecosystem processes, biodiversity and services that these rivers support. Here we assess the connectivity status of 12 million kilometres of rivers globally and identify those that remain free-flowing in their entire length. Only 37 per cent of rivers longer than 1,000 kilometres remain free-flowing over their entire length and 23 per cent flow uninterrupted to the ocean. Very long FFRs are largely restricted to remote regions of the Arctic and of the Amazon and Congo basins. In densely populated areas only few very long rivers remain free-flowing, such as the Irrawaddy and Salween. Dams and reservoirs and their up- and downstream propagation of fragmentation and flow regulation are the leading contributors to the loss of river connectivity. By applying a new method to quantify riverine connectivity and map FFRs, we provide a foundation for concerted global and national strategies to maintain or restore them.
机译:自由流动的河流(FFR)支持全球多样化,复杂和动态的生态系统,提供重要的社会和经济服务。基础设施发展威胁着这些河流支持的生态系统过程,生物多样性和服务。在这里,我们评估了全球1200万公里河流的连通状态,并确定了在整个长度上仍保持自由流动的河流。长度超过1000公里的河流中,只有37%的河流在其整个长度上保持自由流动,而23%的河流一直不间断地流入海洋。很长的FFR主要限于北极,亚马逊河和刚果盆地的边远地区。在人口稠密的地区,只有很少的长河保持畅通无阻,例如伊洛瓦底江和萨尔温江。大坝和水库及其在上游和下游的破碎和流量调节传播是造成河流连通性下降的主要原因。通过应用一种新的方法来量化河流的连通性并绘制FFR,我们为维护或恢复它们的全球和国家协调战略提供了基础。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7755期|215-221|共7页
  • 作者单位

    McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;

    McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;

    WWF US, Washington, DC USA;

    WWF NL, Zeist, Netherlands;

    WWF UK, Woking, Surrey, England;

    WWF Mediterranean, Rome, Italy;

    WWF India, New Delhi, India;

    Univ Basel, Environm Geosci, Basel, Switzerland|European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Directorate Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy;

    WWF China, Beijing, Peoples R China;

    WWF Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada;

    McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;

    WWF Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia|Rewilding Europe, Nijmegen, Netherlands;

    WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;

    Nat Conservancy TNC, Chicago, IL USA;

    Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA|Univ Nevada, Global Water Ctr, Reno, NV 89557 USA;

    WWF Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia;

    IHE Delft, Dept Water Sci & Engn, Delft, Netherlands|Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Delft, Netherlands;

    WWF Germany, Berlin, Germany|HTWG Konstanz Univ Appl Sci, Constance, Germany;

    Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England;

    Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden|Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies, Umea, Sweden;

    Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;

    WWF US, Washington, DC USA;

    Nature Conservancy, Hollis, NH USA|Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA;

    Univ Wisconsin, UW Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI USA;

    Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA|Michigan Technol Univ, Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA;

    WWF Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico;

    WWF Int, Gland, Switzerland;

    Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA|Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA;

    WWF Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada;

    McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;

    Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries I, Berlin, Germany|Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, Berlin, Germany|FWF, Austrian Sci Fund, Vienna, Austria;

    WWF Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil;

    Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England;

    Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany;

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