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Concise asymmetric synthesis of (-)-bilobalide

机译:简明不对称合成(-)-胆碱

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摘要

The Ginkgo biloba metabolite bilobalide is widely ingested by humans but its effect on the mammalian central nervous system is not fully understood(1-4). Antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABA(A)Rs) by bilobalide has been linked to the rescue of cognitive deficits in mouse models of Down syndrome(5). A lack of convulsant activity coupled with neuroprotective effects have led some to postulate an alternative, unidentified target(4); however, steric congestion and the instability of bilobalide(1,2,6) have prevented pull-down of biological targets other than the GABA(A)Rs. A concise and flexible synthesis of bilobalide would facilitate the development of probes for the identification of potential new targets, analogues with differential selectivity between insect and human GABA(A)Rs, and stabilized analogues with an enhanced serum half-life(7). Here we exploit the unusual reactivity of bilobalide to enable a late-stage deep oxidation that symmetrizes the molecular core and enables oxidation states to be embedded in the starting materials. The same overall strategy may be applicable to G. biloba congeners, including the ginkgolides-some of which are glycine-receptor-selective antagonists(8). A chemical synthesis of bilobalide should facilitate the investigation of its biological effects and its therapeutic potential.
机译:银杏叶代谢产物银杏内酯被人类广泛摄入,但其对哺乳动物中枢神经系统的作用尚不完全清楚(1-4)。银杏内酯对γ-氨基丁酸A受体(GABA(A)Rs)的拮抗作用与唐氏综合症小鼠模型的认知功能障碍的挽救有联系(5)。惊厥活动的缺乏加上神经保护作用已导致一些人提出了另一种无法确定的靶标(4)。然而,空间充血和银杏内酯(1,2,6)的不稳定性阻止了除GABA(A)Rs以外的生物靶标的下拉。简洁而灵活地合成白果内酯将有助于开发用于鉴定潜在新靶标的探针,在昆虫和人GABA(A)Rs之间具有不同选择性的类似物以及具有延长的血清半衰期的稳定化类似物(7)。在这里,我们利用银杏内酯的不同寻常的反应性来实现后期的深度氧化,从而使分子核对称,并使氧化态嵌入到起始材料中。相同的总体策略可能适用于银杏同源物,包括银杏内酯,其中一些是甘氨酸受体选择性拮抗剂(8)。化学合成白果内酯应有助于对其生物学效应及其治疗潜力的研究。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2019年第7784期|643-646|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Scripps Res Inst Dept Chem La Jolla CA 92037 USA;

    Scripps Res Inst Dept Chem La Jolla CA 92037 USA|Kitasato Univ Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci Tokyo Japan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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