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Bright rings around sunspots

机译：黑子周围明亮的戒指

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There are two possible explanations for why sunspots are dark: the partial suppression by the sunspot magnetic fields of convective energy transport from the underlying layers, or the removal of energy from the sunspot by enhanced hydromagnetic wave radiation. Both processes would reduce the energy emitted radiatively. The first explanation is currently favoured, and predicts that the blocked energy should show up as a bright ring around the spot, with the actual brightness of the ring sensitive to details of solar convective transport and sunspot structure. Previous searches for these bright rings were inconclusive because of the presence of bright, vertical magnetic flux tubes near the spots, and a lack of sufficient precision in the observations. Here we report high-photometric-precision obser- vations of bright rings around eight sunspots. The rings are about 10 K warmer than the surrounding photosphere and extend at least one sunspot radius out from the penumbra. About 10% of the radiative energy missing from the sunspots is emitted through the bright rings. We also report observations of a second set of sunspots, for which simultaneous magnetic field measurements demonstrate that the rings are not associated with vertical flux tubes.
机译：对于黑子为什么变黑，有两种可能的解释：黑子磁场对来自下层的对流能量传输的部分抑制，或者通过增强的水电磁波辐射从黑子中去除能量。这两个过程都会减少辐射产生的能量。第一种解释目前受到人们的青睐，并预测受阻能量应显示为一个亮点，围绕该点，而该环的实际亮度对太阳对流传输和黑子结构的细节敏感。这些亮环的先前搜索尚无定论，因为在斑点附近存在明亮的垂直磁通管，并且在观测中缺乏足够的精度。在这里，我们报告了围绕八个黑子的明亮环的高光度精确观测。这些环比周围的光球高出约10 K，并且从半影向外延伸出至少一个黑子半径。从黑子中丢失的辐射能量中约有10％是通过明亮的环发射的。我们还报告了第二组黑子的观测结果，同时进行的磁场测量结果表明，该环与垂直通量管无关。

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