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Evidence for evolutionary conservation of sex-determining genes.

机译：性别决定基因进化保守的证据。

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摘要

Most metazoans occur as two sexes. Surprisingly, molecular analyses have hitherto indicated that sex-determining mechanisms differ completely between phyla. Here we present evidence to the contrary. We have isolated the male sexual regulatory gene mab-3 from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and found that it is related to the Drosophila melanogaster sexual regulatory gene doublesex (dsx)2. Both genes encode proteins with a DNA-binding motif that we have named the 'DM domain'. Both genes control sex-specific neuroblast differentiation and yolk protein gene transcription; dsx controls other sexually dimorphic features as well. The form of DSX that is found in males can direct male-specific neuroblast differentiation in C. elegans. This structural and functional similarity between phyla suggests a common evolutionary origin of at least some aspects of sexual regulation. We have identified a human gene, DMT1, that encodes a protein with a DM domain and find that DMT1 is expressed only in testis. DMT1 maps to the distal short arm of chromosome 9, a location implicated in human XY sex reversal. Proteins with DM domains may therefore also regulate sexual development in mammals.
机译：大多数后生动物有两个性别。出人意料的是，迄今为止，分子分析表明门的性别决定机制完全不同。在这里，我们提出相反的证据。我们从线虫秀丽隐杆线虫中分离出了男性性调控基因mab-3，发现它与果蝇性调控基因doublesex（dsx）2相关。这两个基因都编码具有DNA结合基序的蛋白质，我们将其命名为“ DM结构域”。这两个基因都控制性别特异性成神经细胞分化和卵黄蛋白基因转录。 dsx还可控制其他性二态性特征。在雄性中发现的DSX形式可以指导秀丽隐杆线虫的雄性特异性成神经细胞分化。门之间的结构和功能相似性暗示性调控的至少某些方面是共同的进化起源。我们已经鉴定出人类基因DMT1，该基因编码具有DM结构域的蛋白质，并发现DMT1仅在睾丸中表达。 DMT1映射到9号染色体的远端短臂，该位置与人类XY性逆转有关。因此，具有DM结构域的蛋白质也可能调节哺乳动物的性发育。

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