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Triggering basaltic volcanic eruptions by bubble-melt separation

机译:通过气泡-熔体分离触发玄武岩火山喷发

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摘要

Understanding the processes by which volcanic eruptions are triggered is crucial for volcanic hazard prediction and assessment. In intermediate and silicic magmas, where water is the dominant volatile phase, 'second boiling' provides an effective eruption trigger—as the magma cools and crystallizes, volatiles are increasingly concentrated in the residual melt where they eventually become saturated and are exsolved, thereby raising the magma pressure to the point of eruption. In contrast, in basaltic magma chambers in which carbon dioxide is the dominant volatile phase, the effect of second boiling is to decrease the chamber pressure. But basaltic magmas are also relatively inviscid, so volatile bubbles can separate from the turbulently convecting melt to produce a foam layer at the chamber roof: decompression of the rising bubbles can increase the chamber pressure and so trigger an eruption. Here we model the complex competition between the processes of magma cooling and bubble ascent. We find that in basalt of very low viscosity (1-10Pa s), bubble separation dominates and can increase the reservoir pressure by as much as 10 MPa (sufficient to trigger an eruption) on timescales of 1-10 years, comparable to the duration of eruptive episodes at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.
机译:了解火山爆发的触发过程对于火山灾害的预测和评估至关重要。在以水为主要挥发性相的中性和硅质岩浆中,“第二次沸腾”提供了有效的喷发触发-随着岩浆冷却和结晶,挥发物越来越多地集中在残余的熔体中,在那里它们最终变得饱和并被溶解,从而升高了到喷发点的岩浆压力。相反,在以二氧化碳为主要挥发相的玄武岩浆室中,第二次沸腾的作用是降低室压。但是玄武岩浆也相对不粘稠,因此挥发性气泡可以从湍流对流熔体中分离出来,从而在腔室顶部形成泡沫层:上升气泡的减压会增加腔室压力,从而引发喷发。在这里,我们对岩浆冷却和气泡上升过程之间的复杂竞争进行了建模。我们发现,在极低粘度(1-10Pa s)的玄武岩中,气泡分离占主导地位,并且可以在1-10年的时间范围内将储层压力增加多达10 MPa(足以引发喷发),与持续时间相当夏威夷基拉韦厄火山爆发的爆发。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |1997年第6616期|p.518-520|共3页
  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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