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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Atmospheric processes affecting the separation of volcanic ash and SO_2 in volcanic eruptions: inferences from the May 2011 Grímsv?tn eruption
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Atmospheric processes affecting the separation of volcanic ash and SO_2 in volcanic eruptions: inferences from the May 2011 Grímsv?tn eruption

机译：大气过程影响火山灰和SO_2在火山爆发中的分离：2011年5月的推论Grímsv？tn爆发

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摘要

The separation of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide (SO_2) gas is sometimes observed during volcanic eruptions. The exact conditions under which separation occurs are not fully understood but the phenomenon is of importance because of the effects volcanic emissions have on aviation, on the environment, and on the earth's radiation balance. The eruption of Grímsv?tn, a subglacial volcano under the Vatnaj?kull glacier in Iceland during 21-28 May 2011 produced one of the most spectacular examples of ash and SO_2 separation, which led to errors in the forecasting of ash in the atmosphere over northern Europe. Satellite data from several sources coupled with meteorological wind data and photographic evidence suggest that the eruption column was unable to sustain itself, resulting in a large deposition of ash, which left a low-level ash-rich atmospheric plume moving southwards and then eastwards towards the southern Scandinavian coast and a high-level predominantly SO_2 plume travelling northwards and then spreading eastwards and westwards. Here we provide observational and modelling perspectives on the separation of ash and SO_2 and present quantitative estimates of the masses of ash and SO_2 that erupted, the directions of transport, and the likely impacts. We hypothesise that a partial column collapse or "sloughing" fed with ash from pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) occurred during the early stage of the eruption, leading to an ash-laden gravity intrusion that was swept southwards, separated from the main column. Our model suggests that water-mediated aggregation caused enhanced ash removal because of the plentiful supply of source water from melted glacial ice and from entrained atmospheric water. The analysis also suggests that ash and SO_2 should be treated with separate source terms, leading to improvements in forecasting the movement of both types of emissions.
机译：在火山岩喷发期间有时观察火山灰和二氧化硫（SO_2）气体的分离。分离发生的确切条件不完全理解，但由于影响火山排放对环境以及地球的辐射平衡有影响，这一现象是重要的。 GATNAJ下的Sub凝视火山爆发了Grímsv？冰岛在2011年5月21日至28日在冰岛的kull冰川产生了最壮观的灰分和SO_2分离之一，这导致了大气中灰烬中的灰烬中的误差北欧。来自多个来源的卫星数据与气象风数据和摄影证据表明，喷发柱无法维持自己，导致灰分大量沉积，从而留下了向南移动的低水平灰分大气羽流量，然后向东移动南斯堪的纳维亚海岸和高水平的高水平，羽毛向北行驶，然后向东和向西传播。在这里，我们提供了对灰分分离的观察和建模视角，并呈现出爆发的灰分和SO_2的定量估计，运输方向和可能的影响。我们假设在喷发的早期阶段发生了从发球菌密度电流（PDC）的部分柱塌陷或“脱落”，导致横向横向横向的灰分重力入侵。我们的模型表明，水介导的聚集导致增强的灰分去除，因为来自熔化的冰川冰和夹带大气水的源水充足。分析还表明，应以单独的源术语处理灰和SO_2，从而提高预测两种类型排放的运动。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric chemistry and physics》 |2017年第2期|共24页
  • 作者

    Fred Prata; Mark Woodhouse; Herbert E. Huppert; Andrew Prata; Thor Thordarson; Simon Carn;

  • 作者单位

    Visiting scientist Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford Oxford UK;

    School of Mathematics University of Bristol Clifton Bristol UK;

    Institute of Theoretical Geophysics Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge UK;

    Department of Meteorology University of Reading Earley Gate Reading UK;

    Faculty of Earth Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland;

    Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;
  • 关键词

    Atmospheric; affecting; Grímsv?tn;

    机译：大气;影响;掩蔽？TN;

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