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A NEW MECHANISM FOR CALCIUM LOSS IN FOREST-FLOOR SOILS

机译：森林土壤中钙损失的新机制

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CALCIUM is the fifth most abundant element in trees, and is an essential component for wood formation and the maintenance of cell walls. Depletion of Ca from the rooting zone can result in acidification of soil(1) and surface water(2) and possibly growth decline and dieback of red spruce(3,4). During the past six decades, concentrations of root-available Ca (exchangeable and acid-extractable forms) in forest-floor soils have decreased in the northeastern United States(5,6). Both net forest growth and acid deposition have been put forth as mechanisms that can account for this Ca depletion(5,6). Here, however, we present data collected in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States that are inconsistent with either of these mechanisms. We propose that aluminium, mobilized in the mineral soil by acid deposition, is transported into the forest floor in a reactive form that reduces storage of Ca, and thus its availability for root uptake. This results in potential stress to trees and, by increasing the demand for Ca, also decreases neutralization of drainage waters, thereby leading to acidification of lakes and streams. [References: 28]
机译：钙是树木中含量第五高的元素，并且是木材形成和细胞壁维护的重要成分。钙从生根区的枯竭可能导致土壤（1）和地表水（2）酸化，并可能导致红云杉生长下降和枯死（3,4）。在过去的六十年中，美国东北部林地土壤中根系有效钙（可交换和可酸提取的形式）的浓度有所下降（5,6）。森林净生长和酸沉降都被认为是造成Ca枯竭的机制（5,6）。但是，在这里，我们介绍了在美国东北部的红色云杉林中收集的数据，这些数据与这两种机制均不一致。我们建议通过酸沉积在矿质土壤中迁移的铝以反应性形式运输到森林地面，从而减少Ca的存储量，从而减少其对根吸收的利用。这导致对树木的潜在压力，并且通过增加对钙的需求，还减少了排水的中和作用，从而导致了湖泊和溪流的酸化。 [参考：28]

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