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Advantage of Animal Models with Metabolic Flexibility for Space Research beyond Low Earth Orbit

机译：具有代谢灵活性的动物模型在低地球轨道以外的空间研究中的优势

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摘要

As the world's space agencies and commercial entities continue to expand beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO), novel approaches to carry out biomedical experiments with animals are required to address the challenge of adaptation to spaceflight and new planetary environments. The extended time and distance of space travel along with reduced involvement of Earth-based mission support increase the cumulative impact of the risks encountered in space. To respond to these challenges, it becomes increasingly important to develop the capability to manage animal safety and well-being during transportation and research experiments in space. One approach may be to take advantage of an organism's self-regulatory system, which enables them to better adapt and mitigate harmful environmental factors encountered in spaceflight. Recent technological advances have enabled researchers to suppress or enhance metabolism "on demand" in a variety of animal species. These animal models can be used as "pathfinders," which are capable of tolerating the environmental extremes exhibited in spaceflight, including altered gravity, exposure to space radiation, chemically reactive planetary environments, and temperature extremes. In this report, we survey several of the pivotal metabolic flexibility studies and discuss the importance of utilizing animal models with metabolic flexibility with particular attention given to the ability to suppress the organism's metabolism in spaceflight experiments beyond LEO. The presented analysis demonstrates the adjuvant benefits of these factors to minimize damage caused by exposure to spaceflight and extreme planetary environments. Examples of microorganisms and animal models with dormancy capabilities suitable for space research are considered in the context of their survivability under hostile or deadly environments outside of Earth. Potential steps toward implementation of metabolic control technology in spaceflight architecture and its benefits for animal experiments and manned space exploration missions are discussed.
机译：随着世界空间机构和商业实体继续扩展到低地球轨道（LEO）之外，需要新颖的方法来对动物进行生物医学实验，以应对适应航天和新的行星环境的挑战。太空旅行时间和距离的延长，以及减少基于地球的任务支持的参与，增加了在太空中遇到的风险的累积影响。为了应对这些挑战，开发在太空中进行运输和研究实验期间管理动物安全和福祉的能力变得越来越重要。一种方法可能是利用生物体的自我调节系统，这使它们能够更好地适应和减轻航天飞行中遇到的有害环境因素。最近的技术进步使研究人员能够“按需”抑制或增强各种动物物种的新陈代谢。这些动物模型可以用作“探路者”，它们能够承受航天飞行中出现的极端环境，包括重力改变，暴露于空间辐射，发生化学反应的行星环境以及极端温度。在本报告中，我们调查了一些关键的代谢灵活性研究，并讨论了利用具有代谢柔性的动物模型的重要性，并特别关注了在LEO以外的航天实验中抑制生物代谢的能力。提出的分析证明了这些因素的辅助作用，可最大程度地减少因暴露于航天和极端行星环境而造成的损害。具有休眠能力的适合空间研究的微生物和动物模型的示例是在地球以外的敌对或致命环境下的生存能力范围内考虑的。讨论了在航天飞行体系中实施代谢控制技术的潜在步骤及其对动物实验和载人航天探索任务的好处。

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  • 来源
    《New Space》 |2017年第3期|110-120|共11页
  • 作者

    Griko Yuri V.; Rask Jon C.; Raychev Raycho;

  • 作者单位

    Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS261-3, Moffett Field, CA, United States;

    Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS261-3, Moffett Field, CA, United States,KBRwyle, Moffett Field, CA, United States;

    Space Challenges Program, EnduroSat, Inc., Sofia, Bulgaria;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    animal research; metabolic flexibility; spaceflight;

    机译：动物研究;代谢灵活性;航天;

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