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A multidisciplinary approach in the design of marine protected areas: Integration of science and stakeholder based methods

机译：海洋保护区设计中的多学科方法：科学方法和利益相关方方法的整合

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Different approaches exist for building a system of marine protected areas (MPAs), with stakeholder-based site selection at one end of the spectrum and science-based selection at the other. Although a combination of both approaches is typically adopted, the process tends to be dominated by one of them. However, for MPAs to be successful it is necessary that their design achieves a balance between both ecological conservation and socioeconomic needs. The present study aimed to assess, compare and integrate two different approaches to the planning process of MPAs in Wales (UK). A stakeholder-based approach and a science-based systematic approach were compared. Stakeholder priorities for the establishment of MPAs were identified during individual interviews with relevant stakeholders' representatives. Science-based solutions were developed using biological and socioeconomic spatial data in the decision support tool Marxan. A comparison of the outcomes generated by both approaches revealed that although the spatial configuration of the resulting MPAs differed, stakeholders performed well at including representative proportions of relevant marine habitats and species. The integration of the stakeholder driven approach with the science-based solution revealed that an integrated approach could be used as a tool to achieve conservation targets while simultaneously accounting for stakeholder's preferences, as the resulting integrated MPA solution met all conservation targets and was only slightly larger than the science-based solution alone. Results also revealed the potential utility of using stakeholders' knowledge as a proxy for identifying ecologically important areas when spatial data on conservation features are sparse.
机译：建立海洋保护区（MPA）系统存在不同的方法，在频谱的一端选择基于利益相关者的站点，在另一端选择基于科学的站点。尽管通常采用两种方法的组合，但是该过程往往被其中一种方法所控制。但是，要使MPA取得成功，就必须在其设计中实现生态保护与社会经济需求之间的平衡。本研究旨在评估，比较和整合两种不同的方法，用于威尔士（英国）MPA的规划过程。比较了基于利益相关者的方法和基于科学的系统方法。在与相关利益相关者代表的个别访谈中，确定了建立MPA的利益相关者优先事项。在决策支持工具Marxan中使用生物和社会经济空间数据开发了基于科学的解决方案。对两种方法产生的结果进行的比较表明，尽管最终海洋保护区的空间配置有所不同，但利益相关者在包括相关海洋生境和物种的代表性比例方面表现良好。利益相关者驱动的方法与基于科学的解决方案的集成显示，可以将集成方法用作实现保护目标的工具，同时考虑利益相关者的偏好，因为最终的集成MPA解决方案可以满足所有保护目标，并且仅稍大一点而不是仅基于科学的解决方案。研究结果还显示，当稀疏的保护性特征空间数据稀缺时，利用利益相关者的知识作为识别生态重要区域的潜在工具。

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