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Historical evolution of marine functional zoning in China since its reform and opening up in 1978

机译：1978年改革开放以来中国海洋功能区划的历史演变。

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摘要

Marine functional zoning (MFZ) serves as an extremely important marine spatial policy in China. This research elaborates on the historical evolution of the MFZ in China since the beginning of reform and opening-up policy when the marine spatial planning was firstly highly valued in China. Over time, the MFZ in China has evolved through four stages: the formation of the MFZ prototype (1978-1986), MFZ's official initiation (1987-1997), MFZ's legalization (1998-2003), MFZ's maturity and the optimization period (2004-up to now). The evolution process as well as its characteristics is analyzed and summarized accordingly. The results show that the spatial scope of the MFZ is expanding, the hierarchical system of MFZ is more standardized; the classification system of MFZ is more rationalized; and the objectives of MFZ are gradually quantified. However, problems and challenges, including lagging and inflexible plans, deficiency in public participation, insufficient marine environment protection, and vague zoning ownership, still exist and deserve attention during the evolution of MFZ. At the end, a development tendency analysis of the MFZ is conducted, which reveals that the formulation of MFZ will change from "top down" to "bottom up"; the vertical planning scope of MFZ will extend to deep sea and seabed; the classification of MFZ will transform from functional orientation to constraint orientation.
机译：海洋功能区划（MFZ）是中国极为重要的海洋空间政策。这项研究阐述了自改革开放政策开始以来中国MFZ的历史演变，当时中国首次高度重视海洋空间规划。随着时间的推移，MFZ在中国的发展经历了四个阶段：MFZ原型的形成（1978-1986），MFZ的正式启动（1987-1997），MFZ的合法化（1998-2003），MFZ的成熟度和优化期（2004） -到现在）。对演化过程及其特点进行了分析和总结。结果表明，MFZ的空间范围不断扩大，MFZ的层次体系更加规范。 MFZ的分类体系更加合理; MFZ的目标逐渐量化。但是，MFZ的发展过程中仍然存在问题和挑战，包括计划滞后和僵化，公众参与不足，海洋环境保护不足以及分区所有权含糊不清。最后，对MFZ的发展趋势进行了分析，结果表明MFZ的配方将从“自上而下”变为“自下而上”。 MFZ的垂直规划范围将扩展到深海和海底; MFZ的分类将从功能导向转变为约束导向。

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