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An ocean circulation model in σS-z-σB hybrid coordinate and its validation

机译：σS-z-σB混合坐标系下的海洋环流模型及其验证

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摘要

A 3D, two-time-level, sigma S-z-sigma B hybrid-coordinate Marine Science and Numerical Modeling numerical ocean circulation model (HyMOM) is developed in this paper. In HyMOM, the sigma coordinate is employed in the surface and bottom regions, and the z coordinate is used in the intermediate layers. This method can overcome problems with vanishing surface cells and minimize the unwanted deviation in representing bottom topography. The connection between the sigma and z layers vertically includes an expanded "ghost" method and the linear interpolation. The governing equations in the sigma S-z-sigma B hybrid coordinate based on the complete Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are derived in detail. The two-level time staggered and Eulerian forward and backward schemes, which are of second-order of accuracy, are adopted for the temporal difference in internal and external mode, respectively. The computation of the baroclinic gradient force is tested in an analytic test problem; the errors for two methods in HyMOM, which are relatively large only in the bottom layers, are obviously smaller than those in the pure sigma and z models in almost all of the vertical layers. A quasi-global climatologic numerical experiment is constructed to test the simulation performance of HyMOM. With the monthly mean Levitus climatology data as reference, the HyMOM can improve the simulating accuracy compared with its pure z or sigma coordinate implementation.
机译：本文开发了一个3D，两级sigma S-z-sigma B混合坐标海洋科学和数值模拟数值海洋环流模型（HyMOM）。在HyMOM中，sigma坐标用于表面和底部区域，z坐标用于中间层。这种方法可以克服表面单元消失的问题，并最大程度地减少代表底部形貌的不希望有的偏差。 sigma和z层之间的连接垂直包括扩展的“重影”方法和线性插值。详细推导了基于完整雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的sigma S-z-sigma B混合坐标中的控制方程。内部和外部模式的时间差异分别采用二阶时间交错和欧拉正向和反向方案，它们的精度是二阶的。在分析测试问题中测试了斜压梯度力的计算。 HyMOM中两种方法的误差（仅在底层相对较大），几乎在几乎所有垂直层中均比纯sigma和z模型的误差小。构造了一个准全球气候数值实验来测试HyMOM的模拟性能。以月平均Levitus气候数据为参考，HyMOM与其纯z或sigma坐标实现相比可以提高模拟精度。

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