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Simulations of a Line W-based observing system for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

机译：基于W线的大西洋子午倾覆环流观测系统的仿真

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In a series of observing system simulations, we test whether the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) can be observed based on the existing Line W deep western boundary array. We simulate a Line W array, which is extended to the surface and to the east to cover the basin to the Bermuda Rise. In the analyzed ocean circulation model ORCA025, such an extended Line W array captures the main characteristics of the western boundary current. Potential trans-basin observing systems for the AMOC are tested by combining the extended Line W array with a mid-ocean transport estimate obtained from thermal wind “measurements” and Ekman transport to the total AMOC (similarly to Hirschi et al., Geophys Res Lett 30(7):1413, 2003). First, we close Line W zonally supplementing the western boundary array with several “moorings” in the basin (Line W-32°N). Second, we supplement the western boundary array with a combination of observations at Bermuda and the eastern part of the RAPID array at 26°N (Line W-B-RAPID). Both, a small number of density profiles across the basin and also only sampling the eastern and western boundary, capture the variability of the AMOC at Line W-32°N and Line W-B-RAPID. In the analyzed model, the AMOC variability at both Line W-32°N and Line W-B-RAPID is dominated by the western boundary current variability. Away from the western boundary, the mid-ocean transport (east of Bermuda) shows no significant relation between the two Line W-based sections and 26°N. Hence, a Line W-based AMOC estimate could yield an estimate of the meridional transport that is independent of the 26°N RAPID estimate. The model-based observing system simulations presented here provide support for the use of Line W as a cornerstone for a trans-basin AMOC observing system.
机译：在一系列观测系统模拟中，我们基于现有的W线深西部边界阵列，测试是否可以观测到大西洋子午倾覆环流（AMOC）。我们模拟了一个Line W数组，该数组延伸到表面和东部，以覆盖盆地至百慕大上升。在分析的海洋环流模型ORCA025中，这样的扩展W线阵列捕获了西部边界流的主要特征。通过将扩展的Line W阵列与热风“测量”和Ekman输运到总AMOC的中洋输运估计值相结合，测试了AMOC的潜在跨盆地观测系统（类似于Hirschi等，Geophys Res Lett 30（7）：1413，2003）。首先，我们关闭W线，在盆地中向西部边界阵列纬向补充一些“系泊设备”（W-32°N线）。其次，我们结合在百慕大和26°N处RAPID阵列东部（W-B-RAPID线）的观测资料对西部边界阵列进行补充。既有整个盆地的少量密度分布图，也仅是东西边界的采样，捕获了W-32°N线和W-B-RAPID线AMOC的变化。在分析的模型中，W-32°N线和W-B-RAPID线的AMOC变异性主要由西方边界电流变异性决定。远离西边界，中海运输（百慕大东部）显示出两个基于W线的断面与26°N的区域之间没有显着关系。因此，基于W线的AMOC估算值可以得出与26°N RAPID估算值无关的子午线传输估算值。此处介绍的基于模型的观测系统模拟为使用Line W作为跨盆地AMOC观测系统的基石提供了支持。

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