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Population cycles and changes in body size of the lynx in Alaska

机译：阿拉斯加的种群周期和the的体型变化

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The lynx Lynx canadensis is a common predator in the boreal forests of North America. Its population fluctuates during a 9- to 11-year cycle in synchrony with the population size of its main prey, the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus. Using adult museum specimens, we studied changes in skull (and hence body) size of the lynx in Alaska during the second half of the 20th century. The population cycle in Alaska averaged 9 years, similar to that reported in the neighbouring Yukon. Using harvest data of lynx as an estimate of population size, we found that skull size was negatively related to population size. This relationship was strongest not for the population density in the year of death (X), but for year X-3, a carry-over effect from the first year (or years) of life, indicating that conditions during the fast-growth years are determining body size. We suggest that the density-dependent effect is probably due to changes in food supply, either resulting from the adverse effects of competition or a possible diminished availability of food. Two skull parameters decreased significantly during the second half of the 20th century. We do not know the cause for the year effect and suggest that it might be due to a long-term change in the availability of prey. Canine size did not change during the study period, probably an indication that snowshoe hares maintained their status as the main prey of the lynx throughout the study period.
机译：天猫座的加拿大ad是北美北方森林中的常见捕食者。其种群在9至11年的周期内波动，与主要猎物美洲雪兔的种群数量同步。我们使用成年的博物馆标本研究了20世纪下半叶阿拉斯加山猫的头骨（以及身体）大小的变化。阿拉斯加的人口周期平均为9年，与邻国育空地区的报告相似。使用山猫的收获数据作为种群规模的估计，我们发现头骨的大小与种群大小呈负相关。这种关系不是最强的关系，不是针对死亡年份（X）的人口密度而言的，而是针对X-3年，即从生命的第一年（或几年）起的遗留效应，这表明快速增长的年份中的状况正在确定身体尺寸。我们建议密度依赖性效应可能是由于竞争的不利影响或食物供应量可能减少所引起的食物供应变化。在20世纪下半叶，两个头骨参数显着下降。我们不知道造成年度影响的原因，建议这可能是由于猎物供应量的长期变化所致。在研究期间犬的大小没有变化，这可能表明雪兔在整个研究期间一直保持着其作为天猫座主要猎物的地位。

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