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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

机译：抗菌光动力治疗对经历正畸治疗的青少年患者梭菌的疗效

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Purpose: The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods: Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and H2S values recorded = 112 parts per billion (ppb). A portable device Oral Chroma (TM) was used for performing breath analysis. A total of 5 bacterial species including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola were studied as the proportion of sites defined as having = 1.0 x 10(5) bacterial cells.Results: The mean age of the participants in Group-I, II and III were 15.4 years, 13.8 years, and 14.2 years, respectively. The median values for Group-I, II and III at initial breath analysis were 874 ppb, 613 ppb and 1089 ppb, respectively. After treatment with the respective therapeutic modalities, a statistically significant difference was seen among groups after 2-weeks (p 0.0001) (Table 3). After applying Kruskal-Wallis test, group-III showed the highest amount of reduction in H2S concentration (100 %) at final 2-weeks breath analysis compared to group-I and group-II (p = 0.0001). Descriptive statistics for all bacteria showed that group-III (TS + PDT) statistically significantly reduced the proportional distribution of all bacteria at 2-week follow-up (p 0.0001) compared to group-I or group-II.Conclusion: PDT along with tongue scrapping showed effective immediate reduction of H2S concentration and reduction of oral pathogens in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with short-term follow up. Long-term evaluation and complete eradication of halitosis needs to be explored in further clinical trials. In addition, the cost of PDT and its potential side effects should not be disregarded.
机译：目的：目前随机对照临床试验的目的是评估光动力治疗（PDT）对经过固定的正畸治疗的青少年患者中息梭菌的疗效。材料和方法：开发正畸治疗的45名青少年分为三十次团体：组 - I：通过PDT在舌长上提供治疗;组 - II：在舌头扰乱者（TS）的帮助下提供治疗;组 - III：在TS和辅助PDT的帮助下提供治疗。基于气相色谱和口服恶臭的估计的乳烟剂病变的存在性攻击，记录的H2S值> = 112分左右（PPB）。便携式设备口腔色度（TM）用于进行呼吸分析。共有5种细菌种类，包括P.Gingivalis，F.核心，P.中间体，T.fersythia和T.denticola作为具有> = 1.0×10（5）细菌细胞的位点的比例。结果：分别为15.4岁，13.8岁和14.2岁，参与者的平均年龄分别为15.4岁。初始呼气分析中的II，II和III的中值分别为874ppb，613ppb和1089ppb。在用各自的治疗方式处理后，在2周后，组中观察到统计学上显着的差异（P <0.0001）（表3）。在施用Kruskal-Wallis试验后，与Group-I和Group-II（P = 0.0001）相比，在最终的2周呼气分析中，群III族显示最高的H 2 S浓度（100％）的降低量最高（P = 0.0001）。所有细菌的描述性统计数据显示，与Group-I或Group-II.Conclusion相比，统计学上显着降低了2周随访（P <0.0001）的所有细菌的比例分布.Conclusion：PDT随着舌头克切，表明，在短期跟进后，青少年患者的青少年患者的H2S浓度和口服病原体的减少的有效降低。需要在进一步的临床试验中探索长期评估和完全消除乳梭菌。此外，PDT的成本和其潜在的副作用不应被忽视。

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