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Bioprospecting in Antarctica: the search for a policy regime

机译：南极生物勘探：寻求政策体制

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摘要

This paper aims to elucidate the important economic and political aspects of an extremely complex policy issue involving biological prospecting (bioprospecting) in Antarctica. In addressing this rapidly growing global industry, which searches for commercially valuable biological and genetic resources in a world of biological diversity, it becomes obvious that a critical interface exists between Antarctica and the intertwined bioprospecting policies brought forth during recent decades by two treaties, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The analytical framework of the paper builds upon the economic concept of public goods within a political framework of international treaties and law. The concept of a national public good, associated with the sovereignty of a state (nation) over its biological and genetic resources, is the basis of such policy under the Biological Diversity Treaty. In practice, this jurisdiction applies both to the land area of a state and to the exclusive economic zone of a coastal state. The Law of the Sea Treaty, on the other hand, provides both a national public good connotation to exclusive economic zones while creating a global public good connotation for deep seabed mineral resources, with a related potential application to bioprospecting in the deep seabed. While the Antarctic Treaty System possesses several institutions that could be adapted to a bioprospecting policy regime, no such regime has been established up to the present. The paper concludes with a consideration of the critical question: is bioprospecting in Antarctica a national or global public good? While logic would appear to lead one toward the 'global' answer, multinational economic and political realities in today's world suggest that either a national public good approach, or a largely unregulated open access approach, is more likely to prevail.
机译：本文旨在阐明涉及南极生物勘探（生物勘探）的极其复杂的政策问题的重要经济和政治方面。为了解决这一迅速发展的全球产业，该产业在生物多样性的世界中寻找具有商业价值的生物和遗传资源，很明显，南极洲与近几十年来由两项条约，《公约》提出的相互交错的生物勘探政策之间存在着关键的接口。生物多样性公约》和《联合国海洋法公约》。本文的分析框架建立在国际条约和法律的政治框架内的公共产品的经济概念上。与国家（国家）对其生物和遗传资源拥有主权相关的国家公共物品的概念，是《生物多样性条约》中这种政策的基础。实际上，该管辖权既适用于州的土地面积，也适用于沿海国的专属经济区。另一方面，《海洋法条约》既为专属经济区提供了国家公共利益的内涵，又为深海底矿产资源创造了全球公共利益的内涵，并在深海海底的生物勘探中具有潜在的相关应用。尽管《南极条约系统》拥有一些可以适用于生物勘探政策制度的机构，但迄今为止尚未建立这样的制度。本文最后考虑了一个关键问题：南极的生物勘探是国家还是全球公共利益？虽然逻辑似乎会引导人们走向“全球”答案，但当今世界上的多国经济和政治现实表明，无论是国家公共利益方法还是很大程度上不受管制的开放获取方法，都更有可能成为主流。

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  • 来源
    《Polar Record》 |2006年第221期|p.139-146|共8页
  • 作者

    Bernard P. Berber;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0108, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;
  • 关键词

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