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Post-traumatic stress symptoms and cortisol patterns among police officers

机译：警官的创伤后压力症状和皮质醇模式

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Purpose - The purpose of the present study is to examine associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and salivary cortisol parameters. Design/methodology/approach - PTSD symptoms and cortisol responses were measured in a random sample of 100 police officers. The impact of event scale (TES) categorized into subclinical, mild, moderate and severe levels was employed to measure PTSD symptoms. Cortisol was analyzed from saliva samples over a period of three days and included an awakening response, high protein lunch challenge, whole day (diurnal), and a dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Findings - Officers in moderate and severe PTSD symptom categories had higher mean awakening cortisol values. A significant sample-time by PTSD interaction (p = 0.008) was found for awakening cortisol responses. Officers in the severe PTSD symptom category showed a blunted response to the cortisol protein meal challenge compared to those in lower PTSD categories. Diurnal cortisol levels suggested an increasing trend across subclinical to severe PTSD categories respectively (p = 0.15 test for trend). DST ratios were lower in moderate and severe PTSD symptom categories (6.86 and 8.03 respectively) than in the subclinical and mild categories (9.32 and 10.43 respectively). Research limitations/implications - The sample was not representative of all police in the USA. These results suggest that associations between psychological trauma symptoms and dysregulation of cortisol patterns may exist and could possibly affect future health outcomes in police officers. Practical implications - Exposure to trauma and disaster events emphasizes the need to further investigate the health impact of PTSD on police personnel as well as other first responder groups. Originality/value - This article will not only be of interest to those in the police service but to the general public. The present study may serve to provide a guide for larger police population investigations on PTSD and physiological impact.
机译：目的-本研究的目的是检查创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与唾液皮质醇参数之间的关联。设计/方法/方法-在100名警察中随机抽取PTSD症状和皮质醇反应。事件量表（TES）的影响分为亚临床，轻度，中度和严重水平，用于测量PTSD症状。在三天的时间内对唾液样品中的皮质醇进行了分析，包括唤醒反应，高蛋白午餐激发，全天（昼夜）和地塞米松抑制试验（DST）。调查结果-中度和重度PTSD症状类别的警官的平均觉醒皮质醇值较高。通过PTSD交互作用，采样时间显着增加（p = 0.008），可唤醒皮质醇反应。与较低PTSD类别的人员相比，严重PTSD症状类别的人员对皮质醇蛋白餐的挑战反应迟钝。昼夜皮质醇水平表明，从亚临床到严重的PTSD类别分别呈上升趋势（趋势检验p = 0.15）。中度和重度PTSD症状类别中的DST比率较低（分别为6.86和8.03），低于亚临床和轻度类别（分别为9.32和10.43）。研究局限性/意义-样本不代表美国所有警察。这些结果表明，心理创伤症状与皮质醇模式失调之间可能存在关联，并可能影响警察未来的健康结果。实际意义-遭受创伤和灾难事件的暴露强调了需要进一步调查PTSD对警察人员以及其他第一响应者群体的健康影响。原创性/价值-本文不仅会引起警察部门的关注，而且也会引起普通大众的关注。本研究可为大规模警察对创伤后应激障碍和生理影响的调查提供指导。

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