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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >FLOWERING BHLH transcriptional activators control expression of the photoperiodic flowering regulator CONSTANS in Arabidopsis
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FLOWERING BHLH transcriptional activators control expression of the photoperiodic flowering regulator CONSTANS in Arabidopsis

机译：FLOWERING BHLH转录激活因子控制拟南芥中光周期开花调节剂CONSTANS的表达

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摘要

Many plants monitor day-length changes throughout the year and use the information to precisely regulate the timing of seasonal flowering for maximum reproductive success. In Arabidopsis thali-ana, transcriptional regulation of the CONSTANS (CO) gene and post-translational regulation of CO protein are crucial mechanisms for proper day-length measurement in photoperiodic flowering. Currently, the CYCLING DOF FACTOR proteins are the only transcription factors known to directly regulate CO gene expression, and the mechanisms that directly activate CO transcription have remained unknown. Here we report the identification of four CO transcriptional activators, named FLOWERING BHLH 1 (FBH1), FBH2, FBH3, and FBH4. All FBH proteins are related basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factors that preferentially bind to the E-box c/s-elements in the CO promoter. Overexpression of all FBH genes drastically elevated CO levels and caused early flowering regardless of photoperiod, whereas CO levels were reduced in the fbh quadruple mutants. In addition, FBH1 is expressed in the vascular tissue and bound near the transcription start site of the CO promoter in vivo. Furthermore, FBH homologs in poplar and rice induced CO expression in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that FBH proteins positively regulate CO transcription for photoperiodic flowering and that this mechanism may be conserved in diverse plant species. Our results suggest that the diurnal CO expression pattern is generated by a concert of redundant functions of positive and negative transcriptional regulators.
机译：许多植物会监测全年的日照变化，并使用这些信息精确调节季节性开花的时间，以最大程度地实现繁殖成功。在拟南芥中，CONSTANS（CO）基因的转录调控和CO蛋白的翻译后调控是光周期开花中正确进行日长测量的关键机制。当前，CYCLING DOF FACTOR蛋白是已知的直接调节CO基因表达的唯一转录因子，而直接激活CO转录的机制仍然未知。在这里，我们报告鉴定四个名为FLOWERING BHLH 1（FBH1），FBH2，FBH3和FBH4的CO转录激活因子。所有FBH蛋白都是相关的基本螺旋-环-螺旋型转录因子，它们优先与CO启动子中的E-box c / s元素结合。不论光周期如何，所有FBH基因的过度表达都会大大提高CO水平并导致早开花，而fbh四倍体突变体中CO水平降低。此外，FBH1在血管组织中表达，并在体内结合到CO启动子的转录起始位点附近。此外，杨树和水稻中的FBH同源物诱导拟南芥中的CO表达。这些结果表明，FBH蛋白正调控光周期开花的CO转录，并且这种机制在多种植物物种中都可能得到保留。我们的结果表明，昼夜CO表达模式是由正和负转录调节因子的冗余功能共同产生的。

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