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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Structural and functional MRI reveals multiple retinal layers
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Structural and functional MRI reveals multiple retinal layers

机译：结构和功能MRI显示多个视网膜层

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摘要

MRI is a noninvasive diagnostic modality that reveals anatomy, physiology, and function in vivo without depth limitation or optical interference. MRI application to the retina, however, remains challenging. We improved spatial resolution to resolve layer-specific structure and functional responses in the retina and confirmed the laminar resolution in an established animal model of retinal degeneration. Structural MRI of normal rat retinas revealed three bands corresponding histologically to (i) the combined ganglion cell layer/inner nuclear layer plus the embedded retinal vessels, (ii) the avascular outer nuclear (photoreceptor) layer and its photoreceptor segments, and (iii) the choroidal vascular layer. Imaging with an intravascular contrast agent (gadolinium-diethylene-tri-amine-pentaacetic acid) enhanced the retinal and choroidal vascular layers bounding the retina, but not the avascular outer nuclear layer and the vitreous. Similarly, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI revealed layer-specific responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia. Importantly, layer-specific BOLD responses in the two vascular layers were divergent, suggesting the two vasculatures are differentially regulated. To corroborate sensitivity and specificity, we applied layer-specific MRI to document photoreceptor degeneration in Royal Cc-liege of Surgeons rats. Consistent with histology, layer-specific MRI detected degeneration of the outer nuclear layer. Surprisingly, MRI revealed increased thickness in the choroidal vascular layer and diminished BOLD responses to hyperoxia and hypercapnia in the Royal College of Surgeons rat retinas, suggesting perturbation of vascular reactivity secondary to photoreceptor loss. We conclude that MRI is a powerful investigative tool capable of resolving lamina-specific structures and functional responses in the retina as well as probing lamina-specific changes in retinal diseases.
机译：MRI是一种无创诊断手段，可显示体内的解剖结构，生理学和功能，而没有深度限制或光学干扰。然而，MRI在视网膜上的应用仍然具有挑战性。我们改善了空间分辨率，以解决视网膜中特定层的结构和功能响应，并在已建立的视网膜变性动物模型中确认了层流分辨率。正常大鼠视网膜的结构MRI在组织学上显示出三个条带，分别对应于（i）神经节细胞层/内核层结合的视网膜血管;（ii）血管外核（感光器）层及其感光段，以及（iii）脉络膜血管层。用血管内造影剂（ga-二乙烯-三胺-五乙酸）成像可增强限制视网膜的视网膜和脉络膜血管层，但不能增强血管外核层和玻璃体。同样，血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）功能MRI显示对高氧血症和高碳酸血症的层特异性反应。重要的是，在两个血管层中特定于层的BOLD反应是不同的，表明两个脉管系统受到差异调节。为了证实敏感性和特异性，我们应用了特定层的MRI来记录外科医生大鼠Royal Cc-liege中光感受器的变性。与组织学一致，特定层的MRI检测到外核层变性。令人惊讶的是，MRI揭示了皇家外科医学院大鼠视网膜中脉络膜血管层的厚度增加，对高氧血症和高碳酸血症的BOLD反应减弱，提示继发于光感受器丧失的血管反应性紊乱。我们得出的结论是，MRI是一种功能强大的研究工具，能够解决视网膜中的椎板特定结构和功能性反应，以及探测视网膜疾病中的椎板特定变化。

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