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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Modular evolution of egg case silk genes across orb-weaving spider superfamilies
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Modular evolution of egg case silk genes across orb-weaving spider superfamilies

机译：蛋壳丝基因跨球织蜘蛛超家族的模块化进化

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摘要

Spider silk proteins (fibroins) are renowned for their extraordinary mechanical properties and biomimetic potential. Despite extensive evolutionary, ecological, and industrial interest in these fibroins, only a fraction of the known silk types have been characterized at the molecular level. Here we report cDNA and genomic sequences of the fibroin TuSp1, which appears to be the major component of tubuliform gland silk, a fiber exclusively synthesized by female spiders for egg case construction. We obtained TuSp1 sequences from 12 spider species that represent the extremes of phylogenetic diversity within the Orbicularia (orb-weaver superfamilies, Arane-oidea and Deinopoidea) and finer scale sampling within genera. TuSp1 encodes tandem arrays of an ≈200-aa-long repeat unit and individual repeats are readily aligned, even among species that diverged >125 million years ago. Analyses of these repeats across species reveal the strong influence of concerted evolution, resulting in intragenic homogenization. However, deinopoid TuSp1 repeats also contain insertions of coding, minisatellite-like sequences, an apparent result of replication slippage and nonrecip-rocal recombination. Phylogenetic analyses of 37 spider fibroin sequences support the monophyly of TuSp1 within the spider fibroin gene family, consistent with a single origin of this ortholog group. The diversity of taxa and silks examined here confirms that repetitive architecture is a general feature of this gene family. Moreover, we show that TuSp1 provides a clear example of modular evolution across a range of phylogenetic levels.
机译：蜘蛛丝蛋白（纤维蛋白）以其非凡的机械性能和仿生潜力而闻名。尽管对这些丝蛋白有广泛的进化，生态和工业兴趣，但在分子水平上仅表征了一部分已知的丝。在这里，我们报告纤维蛋白TuSp1的cDNA和基因组序列，它似乎是微管状腺丝的主要成分，微管状腺丝是由雌性蜘蛛专门合成的用于蛋盒构造的纤维。我们从12个蜘蛛物种中获得了TuSp1序列，这些序列代表了轮虫（球织韦尔超家族，Arane-oidea和Deinopoidea）内系统发育多样性的极端情况，并且在属内进行了更细规模的采样。 TuSp1编码约200个氨基酸长的重复单元的串联阵列，即使在> 1.25亿年前发散的物种中，单个重复也易于对齐。这些跨物种重复序列的分析揭示了协同进化的强大影响，从而导致了基因内的均质化。然而，非类鸦片TuSp1重复序列也包含编码小卫星样序列的插入，这是复制滑动和非受体重组的明显结果。系统进化分析37种蜘蛛丝蛋白序列支持蜘蛛丝蛋白基因家族中TuSp1的单义性，与该直系同源物组的单一来源一致。此处检查的分类单元和丝的多样性证实，重复结构是该基因家族的普遍特征。此外，我们显示TuSp1提供了跨一系列系统发育水平的模块化进化的清晰实例。

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