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The cultural authority of science: Public trust and acceptance of organized science

机译：科学的文化权威：公众对组织科学的信任和接受

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Using the National Science Foundation's 2006 Science Indicators Survey, this study explores three distinct explanations of public attitudes. First, the knowledge-attitudes model refers to a well tested relationship between public knowledge of science and more favorable attitudes toward science. Second, the alienation model hypothesizes that public disassociation with science is a symptom of a general disenchantment with late modernity, mainly, the limitations associated with codified expertise, rational bureaucracy, and institutional authority. A third approach emphasizes the cultural meaning of science: how various public beliefs about "what science is" relate to acceptance or reservations about science. The Science Indicators Survey shows that US adults view science (what it is or should be) in three distinct ways: 1) in terms of having a systematic method, 2) in terms of social location (i.e., takes place in a university or a laboratory), and 3) in terms of knowledge that should accord with commonsense and tradition. The findings in this study indicate that the knowledge-attitudes, alienation, and cultural meanings models are all valuable for understanding the cultural authority of science. However, the strength of these explanations depends on the type of attitude analyzed.
机译：本研究使用美国国家科学基金会的2006年科学指标调查，探索了三种不同的公众态度解释。首先，知识态度模型是指对科学的公共知识与对科学的更积极态度之间的关系的良好测试。其次，异化模型假设，公众与科学的分离是对现代主义的普遍分解的一种征兆，主要是与编纂的专门知识，理性的官僚主义和机构权威有关的局限性。第三种方法强调科学的文化含义：关于“什么是科学”的各种公众信仰如何与对科学的接受或保留有关。科学指标调查显示，美国成年人以三种不同的方式看待科学（无论是现在还是应该）：1）有系统的方法； 2）社会位置（即发生在大学或大学中）实验室），以及3）应符合常识和传统的知识。这项研究的发现表明，知识态度，异化和文化意义模型对于理解科学的文化权威都是有价值的。但是，这些解释的强度取决于所分析态度的类型。

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