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Reconciliation of development and ecosystems: the ecology of governance in the International Columbia River Basin

机译：发展与生态系统的协调：国际哥伦比亚河流域的治理生态

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This article explores the emergence of formal and informal bridging organizations to facilitate solutions to water conflict at the scale of the water resource. This new approach to governance is of particular importance on rivers within or shared by countries in which water management is fragmented among national and sub-national levels of government as well as among governmental sectors. This article focuses on the Columbia River Basin, in the United States and Canada. Review of the Columbia River Treaty governing shared management of the river has opened a public dialogue on river governance. Treaty review coincides with change in both the biophysical setting and the values and capacity of basin residents. Climate change is altering the timing of flow relied on by the management of developed river infrastructure and the annual runs of the basins’ salmonid species. River development increased economic development in the basin, but at the cost of ecosystem function. Assertion of legal rights by indigenous communities has brought an alternative world view to the review—one that seeks to maintain the benefits of river development while reconciling that development with ecosystem function. This article identifies the governance mechanisms needed to achieve reconciliation and describes their emergence in the Columbia River Basin through an analytical framework focused on local capacity building and network formation across jurisdictions, sectors, and scales of governance. Both countries fragment water management authority among jurisdictions and sectors, but bridging organizations have emerged to link interests and government at the watershed and basin scale. Emergence of new governance is facilitated by increases in local, regional, and indigenous governance capacity. This networked governance emerging at the biophysical scale while embedded in and linked to a hierarchy of formal international, national, state, and local government is characterized as the ecology of governance.
机译：本文探讨了正规和非正式桥接组织的出现，以促进在水资源规模上解决水冲突。这种新的治理方法对国家或国家以下各级政府以及政府部门之间水资源管理分散的国家内部或共享的河流特别重要。本文重点介绍美国和加拿大的哥伦比亚河流域。对《哥伦比亚河条约》的共同管理进行了审查，这开启了关于河治理的公开对话。条约审查与生物物理环境以及流域居民价值和能力的变化同时发生。气候变化正改变着发达的河流基础设施的管理以及流域鲑鱼物种的年度运行所依赖的水流时间。河流的发展促进了流域的经济发展，但以生态系统功能为代价。土著社区对合法权利的主张为审查带来了另一种世界观，即寻求维持河流发展的好处，同时使该发展与生态系统功能协调一致的观点。本文确定了实现和解所需的治理机制，并通过重点放在跨辖区，部门和治理规模的地方能力建设和网络形成的分析框架来描述其在哥伦比亚河流域的出现。两国将水权管理权分散在各辖区和部门之间，但是已经出现了桥接组织，以在流域和流域范围内将利益与政府联系起来。地方，区域和土著治理能力的增强促进了新治理的出现。这种在生物物理规模上出现的网络化治理被嵌入并链接到正式的国际，国家，州和地方政府的层次结构中，被称为治理生态。

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