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Geographical Amplitude In The International Generation Of Technology: Present Situation And Business Determinants

机译：国际技术一代的地理幅度：现状和业务决定因素

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摘要

Building on a rich dataset with information on 65,000 firms and 465,000 European patent applications from 1978 to 2000, this paper addresses the geographical amplitude of international technology generation. First, we show that the number of countries hosting international technological activities is increasing. The USA and some developing nations benefit from this internationalisation. Conversely, although Europe as a whole still plays a leading role in the encouragement of foreign technological activities, some European countries, such as Germany and the UK, appear to be losing their technological appeal. Second, we verify that multinational corporations (MNCs) have increased the geographical amplitude of their technological activities. In fact, the mean number of countries in which MNCs internationalised technology generation has doubled during the 23 years we have analyzed. Third, we address the business characteristics that explain this phenomenon. A negative binomial regression suggests that internationalisation is higher in MNCs showing a greater technological diversification, a higher volume of technological activity, a wider presence in international markets and more experience in the international generation of technology. Finally, American corporations and (regardless of the home country) those firms whose main technological fields are in chemistry, Pharmaceuticals, or electronics, present the highest geographical dispersion of their international technological activities.
机译：本文以丰富的数据集为基础，提供了1978年至2000年间65,000家公司和465,000项欧洲专利申请的信息，着眼于国际技术产生的地理范围。首先，我们表明举办国际技术活动的国家数量正在增加。美国和一些发展中国家从这种国际化中受益。相反，尽管整个欧洲在鼓励外国技术活动方面仍起着主导作用，但一些欧洲国家，例如德国和英国，似乎正在失去其技术吸引力。其次，我们验证了跨国公司（MNC）扩大了其技术活动的地域范围。实际上，在我们分析的23年中，跨国公司国际化技术产生的平均国家/地区数量翻了一番。第三，我们解决了解释这种现象的业务特征。负二项式回归表明，跨国公司的国际化程度更高，这表明其技术多元化程度更高，技术活动量更大，在国际市场上的占有率更高，在国际技术产生方面的经验也更多。最后，美国公司和（无论其母国如何）以化学，制药或电子为主要技术领域的公司，其国际技术活动在地理上的分散程度最高。

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